Table III.

Clinicopathological characteristics predicting RFS in the standard management and ANH groups.

				Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Characteristics	No.	5-year RFS, %	MST, months	RR	95% CI	P-value	RR	95% CI	P-value
Sex				0.766	0.505–1.162	0.235
Male	63	24.9	12.4
Female	62	27.6	16.5
Age, years				1.210	0.800–1.831	0.365
<70	65	28.1	17.9
≥70	60	23.7	13.0
Body mass index, kg/m2				1.019	0.674–1.541	0.871
<22.1	62	28.3	14.2
≥22.1	63	24.2	15.2
Preoperative biliary drainage				1.148	0.737–1.788	0.540
No	85	26.7	15.8
Yes	40	25.6	12.4
Hemoglobin, g/dl				1.088	0.719–1.647	0.689
<12.9	65	25.0	15.8
≥12.9	60	28.8	12.4
CRP, mg/dl				1.613	1.050–2.478	0.022	0.982	0.619–1.556	0.937
<0.11	60	35.5	21.6
≥0.11	65	17.4	12.7
Albumin, g/dl				1.013	0.670–1.534	0.933
<3.9	64	22.2	15.7
≥3.9	61	30.2	14.2
Hemoglobin A1c, %				1.240	0.799–1.924	0.477
<6.0	58	25.2	13.0
≥6.0	55	10.3	12.7
Creatinine, mg/dl				0.822	0.542–1.247	0.356
<0.67	66	21.6	13.4
≥0.67	59	31.6	17.5
AST, U/l				1.775	1.168–2.700	0.006	1.108	0.669–1.834	0.691
<27	64	36.3	21.2
≥27	61	15.4	12.1
ALT, U/l				1.420	0.937–2.152	0.096
<28	63	32.4	17.7
≥28	62	19.6	12.4
Total bilirubin, mg/dl				1.135	0.749–1.720	0.551
<0.7	67	24.8	17.5
≥0.7	58	27.1	12.3
CA19-9, U/ml				1.897	1.250–2.880	0.002	1.796	1.124–2.871	0.014
<68	63	35.1	21.6
≥68	62	17.4	11.2
CEA, ng/ml				1.316	0.870–1.990	0.192
<2.7	67	30.2	16.5
≥2.7	58	21.7	13.4
Tumor size, mm				1.807	1.193–2.737	0.005	1.229	0.777–1.944	0.379
<30	71	33.5	17.9
≥30	54	16.2	9.8
UICC T category				3.300	1.522–7.154	0.001	2.026	0.864–4.750	0.104
T1	18	58.3	42.8
T2-3	107	20.7	12.4
UICC N category				2.552	1.635–3.983	<0.001	2.207	1.339–3.638	0.002
N0	55	43.9	39.8
N1-2	70	12.1	12.3
UICC M category				1.804	0.903–3.607	0.090
M0	115	27.5	15.2
M1a	10	10.0	8.3
R0 resection				0.787	0.380–1.628	0.831
No	12	33.3	13.0
Yes	113	25.4	14.5
Procedure				0.878	0.573–1.345	0.550
PD, TP	75	22.4	13.6
DP	50	31.7	15.7
Portal vein resection				1.235	0.686–2.225	0.480
No	109	28.2	14.5
Yes	16	0.0	13.6
Operation time, min				1.420	0.938–2.150	0.096
<275	63	33.3	17.5
≥275	62	17.4	12.4
Anesthesia time, min				1.182	0.782–1.789	0.427
<363	63	30.6	15.8
≥363	62	20.6	12.4
Intraoperative blood loss, ml				1.330	0.876–2.018	0.179
<600	63	34.3	15.1
≥600	62	17.9	14.2
ANH				1.545	1.010–2.364	0.043	1.696	1.091–2.636	0.019
No	81	30.3	16.5
Yes	44	18.3	11.1
Intraoperative fluid given, ml			0.951	0.627–1.441	0.812
<3,500	68	26.9	14.2
≥3,500	57	24.3	17.9
Intraoperative urine output, ml				1.262	0.834–1.910	0.269
<465	64	29.6	16.5
≥465	61	22.2	12.7
Total in-out balance, ml				1.067	0.705–1.615	0.759
<2,210	63	27.0	15.7
≥2,210	62	24.6	13.4
Total in-out balance, ml/kg/h				1.354	0.894–2.048	0.213
<6.6	62	28.5	17.5
≥6.6	63	23.7	11.3
Postoperative complications				1.302	0.723–2.346	0.377
Clavien-Dindo grade 0–2	108	26.5	15.7
Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3	17	23.5	12.1
Pancreatic fistula				1.270	0.691–2.333	0.440
ISGPF grade non-A	109	26.2	15.1
ISGPF grade B-C	16	25.0	12.1
Postoperative hospital stay, days				1.104	0.730–1.669	0.640
<17	64	26.6	15.7
≥17	61	25.2	13.0
Adjuvant chemotherapy				0.535	0.332–0.862	0.003	0.345	0.204–0.584	<0.001
No	27	8.0	9.3
Yes	98	30.5	16.5

^aAll of the patients were diagnosed with M1 due to positive lymph nodes other than the regional lymph nodes. Since red blood cell transfusion has been shown to affect cancer prognosis negatively (18), the clinicopathological factors influencing RFS in subjects, excluding the ABT group, were evaluated. P-values were obtained using Cox regression analysis. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ANH, acute normovolemic hemodilution; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CRP, C-reactive protein; DP, distal pancreatectomy; ISGPF, International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula; MST, median survival time; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; RFS, recurrence-free survival; RR, relative risk; TP, total pancreatectomy; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.