Summary of findings 1. Non‐surgical orthodontic treatment versus no treatment for prominent lower front teeth in children.
| Non‐surgical orthodontic treatment versus no treatment for prominent lower front teeth in children | ||||||
| Population: children with prominent lower front teeth Setting: dental hospitals Intervention: non‐surgical orthodontic treatment Comparison: no treatment | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| No treatment | Non‐surgical orthodontic treatment | |||||
|
Overjet
(greater is better) Follow‐up: at end of treatment (9 to 15 months) |
Mean final overjet ranged from ‐0.33 to 0.3 mm | Mean overjet in intervention groups was 5.03 mm more (3.81 to 6.25 more) | 184 (4 studies) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatea | Long‐term outcome: one study testing facemask therapy evaluated overjet after 3 years (MD 2.5 mm, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.79; 63 participants; moderate‐certainty evidencea), and 6 years (1.3 mm, ‐0.16 to 2.76; 65 participants; low‐certainty evidencea,b). | |
|
ANB
(greater is better) Follow‐up: at end of treatment (9 to 15 months) |
Mean final ANB ranged from ‐1.5 to 0° | Mean ANB in intervention groups was 3.05° more (2.40 to 3.71 more) | 345 (8 studies) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatea | Long‐term outcome: one study testing facemask therapy evaluated ANB after 3 years (1.4°, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.37; 1 study, 63 participants; moderate‐certainty evidencea), and 6 years (0.7°, 95% CI ‐74 to 2.14; 1 study, 65 participants; low‐certainty evidencea,b). | |
|
Perceived need for surgery in adulthood Follow‐up: 6 years |
OR 3.34 (95% CI 1.21 to 9.24) | 65 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | This study evaluated the facemask. | ||
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). ANB: A point, nasion, B point; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; RME: rapid maxillary expansion | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited; the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded due to high/unclear risk of bias bDowngraded due to imprecision of results