Table 4.

Mass of chemical emitted from a cigarette butt (this study, μg/cigarette butt, first row) compared to mass of chemicals emitted during active cigarette burning (μg/cigarette)

Reference	Sampling description	Styrene	2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	Naphthalene	Triacetin	Nicotine
This studya	Air sampling from a 31 m3 stainless steel chamber with air change rate of 0.5 h−1 and 27 cigarette butts in the middle of the chamber at 20 °C	4.6	22	1.9	34	18
This studya	Air sampling from a 31 m3 stainless steel chamber with air change rate of 0.5 h−1 and 27 cigarette butts in the middle of the chamber at 25 °C	5.1	25	1.8	67	34
This studya	Air sampling from a 31 m3 stainless steel chamber with air change rate of 0.5 h−1 and 27 cigarette butts in the middle of the chamber at 30 °C	3.8	16	1.6	71	31
Poppendieck and Gong (2019)	Air sampling from a 31 m3 stainless steel chamber with air change rate of 0.54 h−1 and 18 cigarette butts in the middle of the chamber at 25 °C	6.7	40	2.5	48	36
Charles et al. [37]	Mainstream and sidestream smoke sampling from a smoking machine	134	—b	13	—	241
Bi et al. [38]	Environmental tobacco smoke sampling in a 75.5 m3 unoccupied office	146	—	—	—	323
Baek and Jenkins [39]	Environmental tobacco smoke sampling in a 30 m3 stainless steel chamber	107	—	—	—	552
Singer, BC, AT Hodgson and WW Nazaroff [36]	Environmental tobacco smoke sampling in a 45 m3 stainless steel chamber with air change rate of 2 h−1	186	—	39	—	3370
Daisey et al. [40]	Environmental tobacco smoke sampling in an unventilated 20 m3 stainless steel chamber with air filtration rate of 0.03 h−1	147	—	—	—	919
Martin et al. [41]	Environmental tobacco smoke sampling in an 18 m3 unventilated stainless steel chamber	94	—	—	—	1580

^a24 h emitted mass per cigarette butt calculated by integrating the emission rate at different times;

^bDashed indicate not reported.