. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 10.

Published in final edited form as: Lancet Glob Health. 2023 Dec;11(12):e1899–e1910. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00436-9

Table 2:

Prespecified subgroup analyses of primary alcohol use outcome (non-hazardous alcohol use) by alcohol incentive group

	Unadjusted proportion with non-hazardous alcohol use (PEth <35 ng/mL and non-hazardous AUDIT-C) at 3 months and 6 months		Adjusted risk difference (95% CI)	p value
	Intervention (groups 2 and 4)	Control (groups 1 and 3)
Sex
Female	33/99 (33·3%; 24·6 to 43·3)	22/98 (22·4%; 15·2 to 31·9)	10·0% (−1·5 to 21·6)	0·089
Male	24/224 (10·7%; 7·3 to 15·5)	9/215 (4·2%; 2·2 to 7·9)	6·4% (1·7 to 11·2)	0·0084
Site
Rural	46/166 (27·7%; 21·4 to 35·1)	26/156 (16·7%; 11·6 to 23·4)	11·1% (2·7 to 19·5)	0·0094
Urban	11/157 (7·0%; 3·9 to 12·3)	5/157 (3·2%; 1·3 to 7·5)	3·9% (−1·0 to 8·7)	0·12
Baseline alcohol use
PEth <200 ng/mL and AUDIT-C <6	34/78 (43·6%; 32·8 to 55·0)	20/70 (28·6%; 19·0 to 40·5)	18·4% (4·1 to 32·6)	0·011
PEth ≥200 ng/mL or AUDIT-C ≥6	22/242 (9·1%; 6·0 to 13·5)	10/241 (4·1%; 2·2 to 7·6)	4·8% (0·5 to 9·2)	0·030

For the unadjusted proportion columns, data are n/N (%; 95% CI). PEth=phosphatidylethanol. AUDIT-C=Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption.