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Model of STING exocytosis in EVs. STING is tethered to the ER through STIM1 and potentially other factors, but infection triggers conformational changes and translocation to the Golgi. From the Golgi, STING is transferred into CD63 + intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of MVBs. CD63 + ILVs are released as CD63 + exosomes, and they have an antiviral effect in recipient cells, through stimulation of type I IFNs (29).
