TABLE 2 -.
Variables included in the socioeconomic model according to domains: post-diagnosis (following years)
| Variable | Best scenario | Reference scenario | Worst scenario | Resource/financial proxy | Unit cost(€, 2019 Euro) | Cost typology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All variables refer specifically to patients with ADHD. | |||||||
| ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED = emergency department; WTP = willingness to pay. | |||||||
| *Average of best- and worst-case scenarios. | |||||||
| †Advisory board. | |||||||
| ‡Median rates for health services published in the official bulletins of the Spanish Autonomous Communities. | |||||||
| §Applies to the percentage of ADHD patients with addiction. | |||||||
| ¶Two annual consumptions were assumed for this resource. | |||||||
| #Financial proxy. | |||||||
| ††Applies to the percentage of patients with ADHD who are currently employed. | |||||||
| ‡‡Cost subject to best- and worst-case scenario of daily effective work minutes lost in patients with ADHD. | |||||||
| Healthcare domain | Medical consultations | ||||||
| Number of annual primary care consultations† | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Follow-up consultation with a primary care physician‡ | 50.1 | Recurrent | |
| Number of annual psychiatric consultations† | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Follow-up specialized care consultation‡ | 88.3 | Recurrent | |
| Number of annual addiction therapy consultations†§ | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | Follow-up specialized care consultation‡ | 88.3 | Recurrent | |
| Medication | |||||||
| Maximum daily adult methylphenidate dose (mg) (16) | 80.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | Cost per mg of methylphenidate (retail price + taxes) (16,18) | 0.03403 | Recurrent | |
| Maximum daily adult atomoxetine dose (mg) (17) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | Cost per mg of atomoxetine (retail price + taxes) (17,18) | 0.02603 | Recurrent | |
| Maximum daily adult lisdexamfetamine dose (mg) (15) | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | Cost per mg of lisdexamfetamine (retail price + taxes) (15,18) | 0.05553 | Recurrent | |
| ED visits and hospitalizations | |||||||
| Patients visiting the ED in the last 6 months¶ (28) | 30.2% | 30.2% | 30.2% | Hospital ED visit‡ | 182.2 | Recurrent | |
| Patients hospitalized in the last 6 months¶ (28) | 26.0% | 26.0% | 26.0% | Hospitalization (29) | 3,509.7 | Recurrent | |
| Social domain | Substance abuse | ||||||
| Patients who were ever alcoholics (28) | 19.6% | 19.6% | 19.6% | Annual WTP for a 100% effective alcoholism treatment# | 4,800.0 | Recurrent | |
| →Patients’ annual WTP# (30) | 1,200.0 | ||||||
| → Caregivers’ annual WTP# (30) | 3,600.0 | ||||||
| Patients who smoke (28) | 48.3% | 48.3% | 48.3% | Annual cost for treating a patient with COPD# (31) | 4,245.2 | Recurrent | |
| Patients who consume cocaine (32) | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | Annual cost for addiction rehabilitation treatment# (33) | 1,456.2 | Recurrent | |
| Interpersonal relationships | |||||||
| Patients who are divorced (32) | 8.9% | 8.9% | 8.9% | Cost of a contentious divorce# | 4,840.0 | One-time | |
| → Cost of a contentious divorce for the patient# (34) | 2,420.0 | ||||||
| → Cost of a contentious divorce for the partner# (34) | 2,420.0 | ||||||
| Patients with intimate relationship problems (35) | 59.0% | 59.0% | 59.0% | Cost of 14 psychotherapy sessions (couple’s therapy)‡# (36) | 1,236.2 | Recurrent | |
| Patients who have problems with their children (35) | 15.0% | 15.0% | 15.0% | Cost of six psychotherapy sessions (family therapy)‡# | 529.8 | Recurrent | |
| Patients with social relationship problems (28) | 63.2% | 63.2% | 63.2% | Cost of six psychotherapy sessions (individual therapy)‡# | 529.8 | Recurrent | |
| Personal safety | |||||||
| Odds ratio of suicide vs. non-ADHD (37) | 2.5 | 5.9 | 14.3 | Social and work-related cost of suicide per person (38) | 618.1 | One-time | |
| Economic domain | Mean wage reduction compared with non-ADH†† (39) | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | Annual earnings per employee in Spain (40) | 24,197.6 | Recurrent |
| Labor productivity losses | |||||||
| Absenteeism as annual days on work leave†† (41) | 33.6 | 33.6 | 33.6 | Earnings per day of work (42) | 123.8 | Recurrent | |
| Percentage of patients with work presenteeism†† (28) | 45.8% | 45.8% | 45.8% | Annual cost of presenteeism‡‡ (43) | 1,950.5 | Recurrent | |
| → Daily effective work minutes lost (43) | 15.0 | 30.0 | 45.0 | ||||
| Economic problems | |||||||
| Patients with economic problems (35) | 49.0% | 49.0% | 49.0% | Interest cost linked to personal loans (9% interest rate)# (44) | 545.9 | Recurrent | |
| Legal domain | Driving vehicles | ||||||
| Patients with >1 traffic ticket in the last 12 months (27) | 17.6% | 17.6% | 17.6% | Cost of a speeding ticket (45) | 132.0 | Recurrent | |
| Mean number of driving license withdrawals (46) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | Cost of a driving license withdrawal | 998.5 | One-time | |
| → Very serious speeding ticket + 6-point withdrawal (47) | 600.0 | ||||||
| → Driving license recovery course (48) | 398.5 | ||||||
| Patients involved in traffic accidents while driving (27) | 18.5% | 18.5% | 18.5% | Annual insurance cost increase for traffic accidents# (49,50) | 110.2 | One-time | |
| Problems with the legal system | |||||||
| Patients who have ever been arrested | 37.0% (51) | 42.0%* | 47.0% (52) | Cost of legal counsel for criminal detainee assistance# (53) | 350.0 | One-time | |
| Patients who have ever been imprisoned | 3.5% (41) | 9.2%* | 15.0% (52) | Cost per day per inmate (54) | 61.8 | One-time | |