Table I.
Study design, sample size and outcome scores
| Study (Authors) | Study design | Sample size | Outcome scores | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilizaliturri et al. [2005] [14] | Prospective case series [4] | 6 patients and 7 hips | WOMAC score: | ||
| Pre-operative 82.5 Post-operative 91 |
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| Flanum et al. [2007] [15] | Retrospective case series [4] | 6 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative 58.3 6 weeks post-operative 62.3 12 weeks post-operative 84.5 24 weeks post-operative 90.3 1 year post-operative 95.7 |
|||||
| Anderson and Keene [2008] [16] | Retrospective case series [4] | 15 athletes (5 competitive and 10 recreational) | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative recreational 44.4 52 weeks recreational 96.0 Pre-operative competitive 40.6 52 weeks competitive 96.8 |
|||||
| Ilizaliturri et al. [2009] [17] | Randomized control trial | 19 patients | WOMAC score: | ||
| Group 1 (iliopsoas release at lesser trochanter) | Group 2 (Transcapsular iliopsoas tendon release) | ||||
| Pre-operative 70.1 1 year post-operative 83.7 |
Pre-operative 67 1 year post-operative 83.6 |
||||
| Conteras et al. [2010] [18] | Retrospective case series [4] | 7 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative 56.1 12 months post-operative 88.4 (P-value 0.018) 24 months post-operative 87.9 (P-value 0.02) |
|||||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 7.7 3 months post-operative 4.3 (P-value 0.051) 6 months post-operative 3.6 (P-value 0.015) 12 months post-operative 2.4 (P-value 0.011) 24 months post-operative 2.4 (P-value 0.011) |
|||||
| Domb et al. [2011] [19] | Retrospective case series [4] | 25 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Post-operative 87.17 | |||||
| HOS-SSS: | |||||
| Post-operative 78.8 | |||||
| HOS-ADL: | |||||
| Post-operative 92.46 | |||||
| Fabricant et al. [2012] [20] | Retrospective case series [4] | 67 patients | Low/normal version | High version | |
| mHHS: | |||||
| Pre-operatively 61.3 ± 16.3 Post-operatively 86.1 ± 14.8 |
Pre-operatively 66.0± 13.5 Post-operatively 76.9± 16.8 |
||||
| P-value 0.031 between two groups post-operatively | |||||
| HOS-ADL: | |||||
| Pre-operative 69.6 ± 18.2 | Pre-operative 66.0 ± 11.9 | ||||
| Post-operative 87.9 ± 14.4 | Post-operative 82.5 ± 18.2 | ||||
| HOS-SSS | |||||
| Pre-operative 50.0± 24.7 | Pre-operative 26.6 ± 21.5 | ||||
| Post-operative 70.7 ± 25.6 | Post-operative 59.4 ± 33.7 | ||||
| Hain et al. [2013] [21] | Retrospective case series [4] | 20 patients | mHHS: | ||
| 79 | |||||
| Garala et al. [2014] [22] | Retrospective case series [4] | 15 patients | NAHS: | ||
| Post-operative 66.4 | |||||
| Ilizaliturri et al. [2014] [23] | Prospective comparative study [2] | 20 patients | Central release | Lesser trochanter release | |
| WOMAC score: | |||||
| Pre-operative 56 ± 13.21 | Pre-operative 46.33 ± 21.83 | ||||
| Post-operative 89.57 ± 3 | Post-operative 89.33 ± 1.36 | ||||
| El Bitar et al. [2014] [24] | Prospective case series [4] | 55 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operatively 63.3 ± 17.5 | |||||
| 2-year follow-up 84.6 ± 16.5 | |||||
| P-value <0.001 | |||||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operatively 6.0 ± 2.2 | |||||
| 2-year follow-up 2.4 ± 2.1 | |||||
| P-value <0.001 | |||||
| HOS-SSS: | |||||
| Pre-operatively 43.8 ± 25.9 | |||||
| 2-year follow-up 74.4 ± 24.4 | |||||
| HOS-ADL | |||||
| Pre-operatively 61.9 ± 22.0 | |||||
| 2-year follow-up 85.5 ± 18.4 | |||||
| P-value <0.001 | |||||
| NAHS: | |||||
| Pre-operatively 58.2 ± 20.3 | |||||
| 2-year follow-up 84.1 ± 16.5 | |||||
| P-value <0.001 | |||||
| Nelson and Keene [2014] [12] | Retrospective case series [4] | 30 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative 43 | |||||
| 6-week post-operative 71 | |||||
| 6-months post-operative 81 | |||||
| 1-year post-operative 84 | |||||
| Hwang et al. [2015] [25] | Retrospective case series [4] | 25 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative 65 | |||||
| Post-operative 84 | |||||
| P-value <0.0001 | |||||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 6 | |||||
| Post-operative 2 | |||||
| HOS-SSS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 60% | |||||
| Post-operative 82% | |||||
| HOS-ADL: | |||||
| Pre-operative 66% | |||||
| Post-operative 87% | |||||
| Brandenburg et al. [2016] [26] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 2 groups of 18 patients | NR | ||
| Mardones et al. [2016] [27] | Retrospective case series [4] | 15 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative 74.7 | |||||
| Post-operative 95.8 | |||||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 5.5 | |||||
| Post-operative 0 | |||||
| Walczak et al. [2017] [9] | Prospective case series [4] | 28 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Group 1 (atrophy of grades 4,3 and 2) | Group 2 (Atrophy of grades 1 and 0) | ||||
| Pre-operative 48.0 | Pre-operative 42.7 | ||||
| Score at 2nd MRA 70.5 | Score at 2nd MRA 64.1 | ||||
| Hartigan et al. [2018] [28] | Retrospective case series [4] | 32 patients | mHHS: | ||
| Pre-operative 68.7 | |||||
| Latest 83.5 | |||||
| P-value <0.001 | |||||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 5.6 | |||||
| Latest 1.9 | |||||
| NAHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 64.9 | |||||
| Latest 86.8 | |||||
| P-value <0.001 | |||||
| HOS-ADL: | |||||
| Pre-operative ADL 71.6 | |||||
| Latest ADL 86.7 | |||||
| P-value ADL <0.001 | |||||
| HOS-SSS: | |||||
| Pre-operative SSS 52.6 | |||||
| Latest SSS 75.8 | |||||
| P-value SSS <0.001 | |||||
| Perets et al. [2018] [6] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 60 patients | IFL group | Control group (Athletes not requiring IFL) | |
| mHHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 65.7 ± 12.1 | No significant differences | ||||
| latest 82.4 ± 14.1 | No significant differences | ||||
| P-value <0.001 | No significant differences | ||||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 5.7 ± 2.3 | No significant differences | ||||
| latest 2.6 ± 2.4 | No significant differences | ||||
| P-value <0.001 | No significant differences | ||||
| HOS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 44.1 ± 17.7 | No significant differences | ||||
| latest 73.0 ± 24.7 | No significant differences | ||||
| P-value <0.001 | No significant differences | ||||
| NAHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 64.2 ± 16.6 | No significant differences | ||||
| latest 83.2 ± 15.8 | No significant differences | ||||
| P-value <0.001 | No significant differences | ||||
| Patient satisfaction | |||||
| 7.9 ± 1.9 | |||||
| Maldonado et al. [2018] [29] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 351 hips IFL and 392 hips in control | IFL group | Control group (Without IFL) | P-value |
| mHHS: | |||||
| 83.2 ± 15.8 | 84.0 ± 16.8 | 0.24 | |||
| HOS: | |||||
| 72.1 ± 26.6 | 73.3 ± 27.1 | 0.69 | |||
| iHot | |||||
| 71.4 ± 25.9 | 72.2 ± 26.1 | 0.41 | |||
| Perets et al. [2019] [7] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 57 patients in both IFL and control group | IFL group | Control group | |
| mHHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 64.3 ± 13.6 Latest 84.9 ± 15.8 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 61.6 ± 14.4 Latest 85.9 ± 13.5 P-value <0.001 |
0.298 0.907 |
|||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 6.5 ± 2.1 Latest 2.2 ± 2.0 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 5.8 ± 2.1 Latest 2.3 ± 2.3 P-value <0.001 |
0.171 0.965 |
|||
| HOS | |||||
| Pre-operative 47.0 ± 21.6 Latest 75.0 ± 24.0 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 45.9 ± 22.9 Latest 75.9 ± 20.8 P-value <0.001 |
0.784 0.859 |
|||
| NAHS | |||||
| Pre-operative 61.7 ± 18.2 Latest 85.2 ± 15.7 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 65.14 ± 15.75 Latest 82.96 ± 17.97 |
0.436 0.576 |
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| Patient satisfaction | |||||
| 8.1 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 0.835 | |||
| Meghpara et al. [2020] [4] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 37 hips in non-IFL group and 87 hips in IFL group | IFL group | Control group | |
| mHHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 63.61 ± 16.15 Latest 86.10 ± 16.45 |
Pre-operative 63.87 ± 13.06 Latest 86.06 ± 15.31 |
0.53 | |||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 4.95 ± 2.40 Latest 2.19 ± 2.61 |
Pre-operative 5.49 ± 2.28 Latest 2.24 ± 2.28 |
||||
| HOS | |||||
| Pre-operative 41.35 ± 23.31 Latest 76.54 ± 25.52 |
Pre-operative 39.96 ± 19.26 Latest 78.14 ± 20.67 |
0.87 | |||
| NAHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 62.51 ± 18.18 Latest 84.73 ± 17.31 |
Pre-operative 65.14 ± 15.75 Latest 82.96 ± 17.97 |
0.40 | |||
| iHOT | |||||
| 77.54 ± 24.48 | 74.47 ± 21.33 | ||||
| Patient satisfaction | |||||
| 8.01 ± 2.50 | 8.47 ± 1.83 | ||||
| Maldonado et al. [2021] [8] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 74 hips (29 matched 1:1) | IFL group | Control group | |
| mHHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 59.24 ± 14.75 Latest 79.79 ± 19.46 P-value <0.0001 |
Pre-operative 62.26 ± 13.41 Latest 87.12 ± 14.63 P-value <0.0001 |
0.418 0.141 |
|||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 5.54 ± 2.38 Latest 3.19 ± 2.65 P-value 0.0005 |
Pre-operative 4.84 ± 2.18 Latest 1.99 ± 1.98 P-value <0.0001 |
0.345 0.058 |
|||
| HOS | |||||
| Pre-operative 43.86 ± 26.07 Latest 66.18 ± 29.62 P-value 0.0004 |
Pre-operative 39.86 ± 20.82 Latest 70.52 ± 24.06 P-value <0.0001 |
0.528 0.065 |
|||
| NAHS | |||||
| Pre-operative 59.37 ± 18.91 (52.49–66.25) Latest 78.02 ± 22.96 (68.90–85.66) P-value <0.0001 |
Pre-operative 61.91 ± 16.55 (55.88–67.93) Latest 87.27 ± 12.39 (82.59–91.94) P-value <0.0001 |
0.589 0.065 |
|||
| iHOT | |||||
| 67.23 ± 27.52 (57.21–77.24) | 77.72 ± 19.62 (70.17–85.26) | 0.199 | |||
| Patient satisfaction | |||||
| 7.14 ± 3.32 (5.93–8.35) | 8.42 ± 1.88 (7.70–9.15) | 0.081 | |||
| Matsuda et al. [2021] [10] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 16 patients (compared to 76 who did not undergo surgery for iliopsoas) | IFL group | Control group | |
| iHOT | |||||
| Pre-operative 35 [24] Post-operative 57 [11] |
Pre-operative psoas involvement without tenotomy 36 [27] Post-operative psoas involvement without tenotomy 67(32) |
Pre-operative without psoas involvement 35 [26] Post-operative without psoas involvement 73 [7] |
0.95 0.02 |
||
| Jimenez et al. [2022] [5] | Retrospective comparative study [3] | 42 athletes in IFL group and 54 matched control athletes | IFL group | Control group | |
| mHHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 64.2 ± 13.8 Latest 88.4 ± 14.2 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 67.0 ± 14.7 (33.0 to 96.0) Lastest 87.9 ± 15.7 P-value <0.001 |
0.360 0.789 |
|||
| VAS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 5.0 ± 2.4 Latest 2.1 ± 2.2 P-value <0.001 Improvement 3.3 6 3.3 |
Pre-operative 4.9 ± 2.8 Latest 1.9 ± 2.3 P-value <0.001 |
0.892 0.466 |
|||
| HOS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 44.6 ± 20.0 Latest 79.4 ± 26.1 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 51.5 ± 23.8 Latest 81.1 ± 22.5 P-value <0.001 |
0.137 0.795 |
|||
| NAHS: | |||||
| Pre-operative 63.1 ± 16.6 Latest 87.0 ± 15.5 P-value <0.001 |
Pre-operative 68.8 ± 19.8 Latest 87.2 ± 15.9) P-value <0.001 |
0.052 0.899 |
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| Patient satisfaction | |||||
| Patient satisfaction 8.6 ±1.7 | Patient Satisfaction 8.1 ± 2.3 | 0.238 | |||