Table 1.
Distribution of demographic, hematological, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in anabolic steroid user and non-user groups.
| Variables | Control Group (n = 25) |
AAS users (n = 25) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 31.3 ± 5.5 (27.0–35.5) | 31.1 ± 8.8 (23.0–39.0) | 0.683* |
| BMI (kg/ m2) | 24.2 ± 1.9 (23.0–25.9) | 26.5 ± 3.2 (24.8–28.8) | 0.003** |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 15.0 ± 0.8 (14.4–15.7) | 15.5 ± 0.9 (14.9–16.1) | 0.077** |
| Wbc (103/uL) | 6.6 ± 1.2 (5.8–7.8) | 7.7 ± 1.9 (6.4–8.7) | 0.020** |
| Platelet (103/uL) | 222.5 ± 57.5 (169.0–270.0) | 262.9 ± 68.1 (217.0–318.0) | 0.028** |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23.8 ± 9.4 (16.5–30.0) | 56.9 ± 32.3 (34.5–78.0) | <0.001* |
| AST (IU/L) | 23.2 ± 6.4 (19.0–26.5) | 44.9 ± 23.4 (27.0–59.0) | <0.001* |
| LDH (IU/L) | 161.2 ± 22.7 (143.5–178) | 199.5 ± 50.6 (165.0–227) | 0.002** |
| GGT (U/L) | 25.4 ± 12.9 (15.0–31.5) | 21.6 ± 8.9 (14.5–27.0) | 0.346* |
| ALP (U/L) | 56.0 ± 18.1 (40.5–70.5) | 70.4 ± 20.0 (60.0–76.5) | 0.011** |
| CK (U/L) | 161.2 ± 88.9 (92.5–245.5) | 730.9 ± 475.0 (278.5–1166.5) | <0.001* |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 126.8 ± 33.7 (104.5–146) | 111.1 ± 35.1 (84.5–133) | 0.113** |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.4 ± 8.9 (43–50.5) | 44.6 ± 11.3 (39.0–46.5) | 0.075* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 129.9 ± 60.3 (79.5–179.0) | 95.2 ± 36.4 (67.0–127.5) | 0.018** |
| Total C (mg/dL) | 201.6 ± 36.4 (181.5–215.0) | 172.4 ± 36.5 (149.0–198.0) | 0.007** |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 88.4 ± 6.9 (84.0–92.5) | 91.4 ± 13.8 (81.0–97.0) | 0.340** |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 138.6 ± 1.6 (138.0–139.0) | 139.0 ± 1.6 (138.0–140.0) | 0.449* |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.3 ± 0.3 (4.0–4.6) | 4.5 ± 0.3 (4.2–4.8) | 0.055** |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.1 (0.8–0.9) | 1.0 ± 0.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.001** |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 32.9 ± 8.1 (27.0–37.5) | 38.5 ± 8.8 (31.4–43.0) | 0.009* |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.9 ± 0.9 (1.2–2.1) | 2.5 ± 1.2 (1.6–3.8) | 0.079* |
| FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 ± 0.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.009* |
| FSH (mIU/mL) | 4.2 ± 1.5 (3.3–4.9) | 2.0 ± 1.9 (0.4–3.7) | <0.001* |
| LH (mIU/mL) | 4.6 ± 1.4 (3.5–5.9) | 2.0 ± 2.1 (0.1–4.0) | <0.001* |
| Testosterone (ng/mL) | 461.6 ± 130.5 (374.0–576.5) | 841.5 ± 458.6 (534.0–1500.0) | <0.001* |
| Cortisol (ug/dL) | 18.3 ± 3.7 (15.0–20.5) | 18.9 ± 3.4 (16.4–22.0) | 0.587** |
| Eastridol (pg/mL) | 29.1 ± 8.6 (23.2–34.2) | 33.6 ± 12.9 (25.7–42.2) | 0.154* |
| Prolactin (ng/mL) | 8.6 ± 4.2 (6.0–9.7) | 7.1 ± 4.1 (5.2–8.9) | 0.190* |
| Up/Uc (mg/g) | 49.4 ± 16.7 (37.6–60.2) | 65.2 ± 28.0 (48.4–73.4) | 0.009* |
Mean ± Standard Deviation (IQR).
*: Mann Whitney U Test.
**: Independent Samples T Test.
AAS: anabolic-androgenic steroids; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body Mass Index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; PLT: platelets; Total C: total cholesterol; WBC: white blood cells. FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; FT4: free thyroxine; LH: luteinizing hormone; TT: total testosterone; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; Up/Uc: urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.
Bold p values indicate statistical significance.