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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023 Nov 20;20(4):206–217. doi: 10.1038/s41581-023-00786-x

Fig. 4 ∣. Intercellular crosstalk within the kidneys between resident and infiltrating cells.

Fig. 4 ∣

Immune cells attack tissue resident cells by producing various pathogenic factors such as antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrotic factors and cytotoxic enzymes. Conversely, injured tissue resident cells, including resident immune cells and kidney parenchymal cells, respond by altering the local inflammatory milieu, which contributes further to the progression of renal inflammation. ROS, reactive oxygen species.