Table 4.
Associations of depression, anxiety, and stress with total and domain-specific Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, adjusting for age, sex and education
| Scores | Depression Depressed (n = 33) |
Non- depressed (n = 247) |
P-value (depression) |
Anxiety Anxious (n = 41) |
Non- anxious (n = 239) |
P-value (anxiety) |
Stress Stressed (n = 14) |
Non- stressed (n = 266) |
P-value (stress) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MoCA total max 30, (beta [SE]) | 2.10 (0.77) | Ref | 0.01 | 0.85 (0.71) | Ref | 0.23 | 1.80 (1.13) | Ref | 0.11 |
| Visuospatial-executive (max 5) | 1.58 (0.81–3.10) | Ref | 0.18 | 0.90 (0.49–1.66) | Ref | 0.74 | 1.06 (0.40–2.82) | Ref | 0.90 |
| Naming (max 3) | 1.14 (0.58–2.24) | Ref | 0.70 | 0.84 (0.45–1.57) | Ref | 0.59 | 0.87 (0.32–2.37) | Ref | 0.79 |
| Attention/calculation (max 6) | 1.53 (0.80–2.94) | Ref | 0.20 | 1.07 (0.59–1.95) | Ref | 0.82 | 1.57 (0.61–4.05) | Ref | 0.36 |
| Language (max 3) | 0.91 (0.46–1.80) | Ref | 0.79 | 1.25 (0.67–2.35) | Ref | 0.48 | 1.88 (0.68–5.16) | Ref | 0.22 |
| Abstraction (max 2) | 2.29 (1.00–5.23) | Ref | 0.05 | 1.77 (0.79–3.95) | Ref | 0.17 | 1.40 (0.39–5.00) | Ref | 0.61 |
| Short-term memory (max 5) | 3.08 (1.49–6.39) | Ref | 0.002 | 1.61 (0.86–3.02) | Ref | 0.14 | 1.86 (0.67–5.20) | Ref | 0.24 |
| Orientation (max 6) | 2.58 (1.31–5.09) | Ref | 0.01 | 1.61 (0.86–3.01) | Ref | 0.14 | 3.08 (1.15–8.23) | Ref | 0.03 |
Data presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per 1 point score increase, unless otherwise stated. Max, maximum score; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Ref, reference group.