Table 1.
Demographics, clinical measures, and data quality.
| Groups (N = 122) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HC (n = 52) | FEP (n = 70) | ||
| Demographic variables | |||
| Age (in years) | 24.62 ± 6.28 | 24.03 ± 6.14 | 0.61 |
| Sex (M/F) | 34/18 | 44/26 | 0.77 |
| aParental occupation (SES) | 4.46 ± 4.32 | 5.89 ± 4.71 | 0.33 |
| Race | |||
| White | 32 | 21 | – |
| African American | 11 | 43 | – |
| Asian | 6 | 2 | – |
| Hispanic | 1 | 2 | – |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0 | – |
| Other | 1 | 2 | – |
| bNo. sf smokers (%) | 8% | 41% | |
| Smoking (Packs per day) | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.40 | < 0.001 |
| cNo. of cannabis users (%) | 0% | 30% | |
| Clinical variables | |||
| Diagnosis | |||
| Schizophrenia | – | 35 | – |
| Schizoaffective disorder | – | 11 | – |
| Bipolar disorder with psychosis | – | 3 | – |
| Schizophreniform disorder | – | 4 | – |
| Psychosis NOS | – | 13 | – |
| Brief psychotic disorder | – | 2 | – |
| Major depressive disorder w/psychosis | - | 2 | – |
| Duration of untreated psychosis (in months) | – | 21.43 ± 40.19 | – |
| BPRS | |||
| Positive (4-items) | – | 11.42 ± 3.38 | – |
| Negative | – | 5.87 ± 3.21 | – |
| Total | – | 50.16 ± 11.62 | – |
| dRBANS | |||
| Immediate memory | 100.21 ± 16.21 | 81.90 ± 17.83 | <0.001 |
| Visuospatial/Constructional | 83.94 ± 13.51 | 75.00 ± 17.92 | 0.005 |
| Language | 98.15 ± 15.89 | 82.95 ± 16.87 | < 0.001 |
| Attention | 102.53 ± 16.01 | 80.45 ± 17.01 | < 0.001 |
| Delayed memory | 91.87 ± 8.86 | 77.32 ± 15.71 | < 0.001 |
| Total index | 93.38 ± 11.56 | 74.15 ± 15.89 | < 0.001 |
| Scan quality data | |||
| MRS | |||
| Cramer–Rao lower bands (Glx) | 3.63 ± 0.65 | 4.37 ± 1.58 | 0.002 |
| Cramer–Rao lower bands (Cr) | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.91 ± 0.19 | 0.001 |
| Cramer–Rao lower bands (Cho) | 1.16 ± 0.23 | 1.29 ± 0.32 | 0.014 |
| Cramer–Rao lower bands (NAA) | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.83 ± 0.17 | < 0.001 |
| GM fraction | 72.18 ± 7.13 | 72.08 ± 5.56 | 0.93 |
| WM fraction | 12.86 ± 5.92 | 13.66 ± 6.04 | 0.47 |
| CSF fraction | 14.19 ± 3.95 | 14.26 ± 3.69 | 0.92 |
| eFC | |||
| Mean motion (in mm) | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.09 | 0.01 |
| % of volumes after scrubbing | 94.98 ± 5.59 | 91.10 ± 8.82 | 0.006 |
Mean ± standard deviation; data available for a118 subjects. Ranks determined from Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies where a higher rank (lower numerical value) corresponds to higher socioeconomic status (SES); b120 subjects; cmissing data for 8 patients; d109 subjects; e113 subjects; P-values are from χ2 and independent samples-t tests for differences between the groups.
RBANS repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status, BPRS brief psychiatric rating scale, MRS magnetic resonance spectroscopy, GM gray matter, WM white matter, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, FC functional connectivity.