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. 2024 Apr 10;15(4):256. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-06637-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A t-SNE plot showing the combined single cell transcriptomes of mammary epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts isolated from seven-week-old control and Spry-TKO mammary glands (n = 2 female mice). Abbreviations: Lum, luminal; prog, progenitor. B, C GSEA analysis of pathways related to epithelial development and cell differentiation in control and Spry-TKO mammary glands. Abbreviations: diff., differentiation; epi., epithelial; KO, knockout; WT, wildtype. D, E GO analysis of the main pathway changes in basal cells (D) and luminal cells (E) of control and Spry-TKO mammary glands. F, G Cell proliferation of wild-type organoid epithelium co-cultured with control and Spry1,2,4-KO fibroblasts (Fibs) as detected by Ki67 staining (F) and was quantified (G). Data were from three independent experiments and were presented as mean ± SD. **P < 0.01. Scale bars: 50 μm. H Cellchat analysis of either increased or decreased fibroblast-to-epithelial FGF ligand-receptor signaling in Spry-TKO mammary glands when compared with control glands. Abbreviations: ctrl., control; fib., fibroblasts; lum., luminal. I qPCR analysis of target genes in the FGF signaling pathway. Abbreviation: Expr, expression. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.