Figure 4.

Exosomes are involved in regulating the progression of lung cancer under intermittent hypoxia (IH) conditions. (A) IH promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells and is associated with exosomes. (i) Effects of exosomes derived from room air (RA) or IH mouse plasma on proliferation, migration, and invasion of mouse lung cancer cells. (ii) Comparison of lung cancer cell proliferation between RA and IH under electron microscope, light microscope, and in vitro colony (89). (B) Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-derived exosomes contribute to the progression of NSCLC by promoting the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in macrophages (90). Reprinted with permission from Ref (89, 90). *P<0.01.