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. 2024 Jan 5;11(1):58–109. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2024004

Table 4. Analysis of current study based on DL in smart healthcare.

Works Technologies Used Techniques and Tools Focusing Points Drawbacks
Gupta et al. [125] Deep learning using edge computing Deep neural network forecasting for health surveillance with cutting-edge computing The combination of edge computing and IoT concepts are used in a CNN-based forecasting framework. Result is shown on specific data.
Kumar et al. [39] Blockchain, Deep learning, IoMT Deeper Sparse AutoEncoder (DSAE) combined with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) is a blockchain-orchestrated deep neural network technique for safe transmission of information in healthcare applications. A neural networks technique controlled by cryptocurrency for safe data transfer in an IoT-enabled medical facility Tested for specific dataset only.
Ahmed et al. [126] IoT, Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence The combination of derived attributes from neural network topologies is accomplished using the concurrent greatest covariance methods, and feature selection is accomplished using a multi-logistic regression controlled entropy variance approach. To improve the diversity of the knowledge set, data enlargement is performed, while neural network algorithms such as VGG-19 and Inception-V3 are used in conjunction with transfer learning approaches to obtain attributes. Result is for specific diseases only.
Ravi et al. [127] Deep learning, Malware detection Utilizing the portable executable (PE)-Header, PE-Image, PE-Imports, or application programming interface (API) calls, artificial intelligence (AI) is utilized to detect infections. Hyper-spectral attention-based deep learning framework for malware detection in smart healthcare systems In intelligent medical facilities, there is a lack of multi-view attention-based deep learning frameworks and powerful feature fusion approaches for recognizing malware.
Jiao et al. [128] Capsule network, Deep learning, Convolutional neural network The vital feature extraction ability of neural networks can extract ECG features to solve many problems The spatial and temporal components of the ECG are extracted using a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network as an integrated extraction of the features layer. Accuracy not measured
Ahmed et al. [129] H-IoT, Deep learning The technology use the model known as YOLOv3 to detect motion and irritation. For obtaining the spatial and temporal properties of the ECG, a parallel feature extraction layer comprising long short-term memory (LSTM) network and 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) is implemented. No measurement of accuracy.
Parida et al. [130] DL-based detection/classification of diseases Deep learning based diseases detection and patient monitoring Deep learning (DL), defeats the limitations of the visual evaluation and the conventional ML No measurement of accuracy.
Hammad et al. [131] Deep learning, H-Iot, convolutional neural network (CNN) Deep Learning Models for Arrhythmia Detection in IoT Healthcare After representing the input ECG signals in 2D format, the generated pictures are fed into the suggested DLMs for classification. Efficiency calculated based on noisy data only.
Sujith et al. [132] Deep Learning, Artificial intelligence Smart health monitoring using deep learning and Artificial intelligence By utilizing various IoT, GSM, and SHM modules, DL is beneficial for gathering in-depth information on many important patients, notably those who are coma sufferers. No measurement of accuracy.
Refaee et al. [133] Deep learning, Artificial intelligence, IoT Data are collected from various IoT wearable devices; these data are prepossessed and applied iForest for outlier detection with linear time complexity and high precision It integrates deep learning, and the internet of things for effective disease diagnosis Result is outstanding for specific diseases only.
Moqurrab et al. [134] IoT, cloud computing, Fog computing and Artificial Intelligence Propose a new model using IoT, cloud computing, Fog computing and Artificial Intelligence Deep learning is used in a fog-enabled privacy-preserving model to enhance the healthcare system. Result is for specific diseases only.
Awotunde et al. [135] Deep learning, IoMT, ArtificialIntelligence A real-time NF-ToN-IoT dataset for IoT applications that gathered telemetry, operating system, and network data was used to assess the system's performance. Because IoMT-based devices have a limited capacity for storage and computation, patient health data must be sent to cloud database storage and external computer equipment for processing. Model attains 89% accuracy over the ToN-IoT dataset only.
Sahu et al. [136] Deep learning, IoMT, Artificial Intelligence Constant Verification based on deep learning algorithms for an IoT-enabled medical facility The system collects data from clients and verifies them using a Deep Learning-based short-term and long-term memory algorithm for categorization that has only been tested on a single dataset. Tested for specific dataset only
Munnangi et al. [137] Deep learning, IoMT Enhanced Deep Learning-Based Approach for Medical Data Analysis in IoT Systems As a result, the inference of IoT knowledge necessitates the use of effective, lightweight methodologies that are appropriate for this compromise and to validate with limited resources in IoT devices such as wearables. Result is shown on specific data.