TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without primary endpoint events.
| Variables | Without events (n = 504) | With events (n = 64) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.59 ± 9.95 | 61.08 ± 10.33 | .277 |
| Male (n, %) | 343 (68.1) | 44 (68.8%) | .911 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.60 ± 6.47 | 27.00 ± 3.45 | .497 |
| Current smoking (n, %) | 131 (26.0) | 14 (21.9) | .477 |
| Current drinking (n, %) | 104 (20.6) | 12 (18.8) | .725 |
| Revascularization (n, %) | 146 (29.0) | 18 (28.1) | .888 |
| Case history (n, %) | |||
| MI | 80 (15.9) | 14 (21.9) | .224 |
| HF | 29 (5.8) | 9 (14.1) | .012 |
| Stroke/TIA | 62 (12.3) | 14 (21.9) | .034 |
| PAD | 93 (18.5) | 14 (21.9) | .509 |
| CKD a | 20 (4.0) | 7 (10.9) | .014 |
| Diabetes | 198 (39.3) | 27 (42.2) | .655 |
| AF | 33 (6.5) | 6 (9.4) | .399 |
| LVH by ECG b | 28 (5.6) | 10 (15.6) | .006 |
| Medications (n, %) | |||
| ACEI | 56 (11.1) | 6 (9.4) | .675 |
| ARB | 304 (60.3) | 41 (64.1) | .563 |
| β‐Blocker | 374 (74.2) | 52 (81.3) | .220 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 263 (52.2) | 34 (53.1) | .887 |
| Diuretic | 106 (21.0) | 18 (28.1) | .196 |
| Antiplatelet medication | 502 (99.6) | 64 (100.0) | .614 |
| Antidiabetic agents | 182 (36.1) | 24 (37.5) | .828 |
| Stains | 486 (96.4) | 64 (100.0) | .124 |
| Laboratory variables | |||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.13 ± 0.80 | 2.11 ± 1.11 | .882 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.35 ± 1.47 | 6.13 ± 1.07 | .297 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.53 ± 16.64 | 81.76 ± 17.70 | .001 |
| Echocardiography variables | |||
| LVEF (%) | 61.08 ± 6.94 | 57.89 ± 8.67 | .002 |
| LV (mm) | 47.16 ± 5.09 | 48.16 ± 6.36 | .182 |
| AAO width (mm) | 34.06 ± 3.57 | 34.16 ± 3.87 | .841 |
| Blood pressure variables (mmHg) | |||
| Office SBP | 134.45 ± 15.62 | 135.70 ± 16.59 | .549 |
| Office DBP | 82.76 ± 11.12 | 83.69 ± 11.70 | .535 |
| 24‐h SBP | 127.19 ± 14.23 | 131.95 ± 17.73 | .015 |
| 24‐h DBP | 74.58 ± 9.89 | 76.00 ± 10.94 | .287 |
| Daytime SBP | 127.83 ± 14.29 | 131.58 ± 17.03 | .054 |
| Daytime DBP | 75.12 ± 10.60 | 76.38 ± 10.68 | .371 |
| Nighttime SBP | 124.70 ± 16.76 | 133.49 ± 22.36 | <.001 |
| Nighttime DBP | 71.93 ± 10.87 | 75.00 ± 12.63 | .038 |
Abbreviations: AAO, ascending aorta; ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HF, heart failure; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack; PAD, peripheral artery disease.
Defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and markers of kidney damage (≥1 for >3 months) on the basis of The KDIGO CKD Clinical Guideline.
Defined as the sum of voltage amplitudes of SV1 and RV5 was equal to or greater than 3.5 mV according to the Sokolow–Lyon criterion.