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. 2023 Apr 3;7(2):rkad034. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkad034

Table 1.

Murine models of arthritis and results

Author Murine model Results
Maeda et al. (2016) [27] SKG

  • GF SKG:

  • ↓ arthritis incidence and severity

  • Prevotella dominated RA SKG:

  • ↑ dendritic cell stimulation

  • ↑ Th17

  • ↑ arthritis incidence and severity

  • Prevotella copri monocolinization:

  • ↑ Th17, IL-23 and IL-17

  • ↑ arthritis incidence and severity

Rehaume et al. (2014) [28] SKG

  • GF SKG:

  • ↓ arthritis incidence and severity

  • SPF SKG:

  • ↑ arthritis incidence

  • ↑ Th17, IL-23 and IL-17

  • Ileitis

  • Schaedler flora SKG:

  • ↑ arthritis incidence

  • Enthesitis

  • Ileitis

Rogier et al. (2017) [30] IL-1ra−/−

  • IL-1ra−/−:

  • ↓ microbiota diversity

  • ↑ Helicobacter genus

  • ↓ Prevotella genus

  • Germ-free IL-1ra−/−:

  • ↓ arthritis incidence and severity

  • ↓ Th17

  • SFB IL-1ra−/−:

  • ↑ arthritis incidence

  • Tobramycin treatment:

  • ↓ arthritis severity

  • ↓ Helicobacter genus

Wu et al. (2010) [32] K/BxN

  • Germ-free K/BxN:

  • ↓ disease incidence and severity

  • ↓ autoantibodies (IgG, IgG1)

  • SFB K/BxN:

  • ↑ disease onset and severity

  • ↑ Th17

Jubair et al. (2018) [33] CIA

  • CIA:

  • ↓ diversity

  • ↓ Bacteroidetes phylum

  • ↑ Lactobacillaceae family

  • ↑ Lachnospiraceae family

  • Mucosal barrier impairment

  • Intestinal mucosal inflammation

  • GF CIA:

  • ↓ disease incidence and severity

  • ↓ inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α)

  • ↑ IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-23 (intestine)

Liu et al. (2016) [34] CIA

  • Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus plantarum CIA:

  • ↓ disease incidence and severity

  • ↓ inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α)

  • ↑ IL-10

  • ↓ Th17

  • ↑ Treg

CIA: collagen-induced arthritis; GF: germ free;  SFB: segmented filamentous bacteria.