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. 2024 Mar 21;30(11):1621–1635. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i11.1621

Table 3.

Results using the risk of bias tool 2

Ref.
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
Overall
Stahl et al[44], 2017 + + + + + +
Burmeister et al[43], 2011 + + + + + +
Visser et al[42], 2018 ! + + + + !
Markar et al[41], 2017 ! + + + + !
Goense et al[40], 2017 ! + + + + !
Favi et al[39], 2017 ! + + + + !
Anderegg et al[35], 2017 ! + + + + !
Spicer et al[38], 2016 ! + + + + !
Luc et al[36], 2015 ! + + + + !
Münch et al[37], 2018 ! + + ! + !

+: Low risk; !: Some concerns; -: High risk. D1: Randomization process; D2: Deviation from the intended interventions; D3: Missing outcome data; D4: Measurement of the outcome; D5: Selection of the reported result.