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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 11.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2023 Sep 15;281:120379. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120379

Table 2.

Volumetric E-field outcome measures.

Component Level Type Measure N (TMS: tES) Studies

|E| Whole Brain Percentile 70 (37:33) (Turi et al., 2022; Wischnewski et al., 2021; SM Rampersad et al., 2014; Alekseichuk et al., 2019; Alam et al., 2016; Amani et al., 2021; Ashikhmin and Aliev, 2016; Carlson et al., 2023; Caulfield and George, 2022; Chung et al., 2022; Colella et al., 2021; Handiru et al., 2021; Hsu et al., 2023; Jiang et al., 2020; Kalloch et al., 2020; Kenville et al., 2020; Khorrampanah et al., 2020; Klaus and Schutter, 2018; Marquardt et al., 2021; McCann and Beltrachini, 2021; S Minjoli et al., 2017; Miranda et al., 2016; Padberg et al., 2021; Scheldrup et al., 2014; Seo and Jun, 2019; Shahid et al., 2014; Shahid et al., 2015; Soleimani et al., 2021; C Thomas et al., 2019; Uenishi et al., 2022; S Van Hoornweder et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2021; Woods et al., 2015; Wysokiński, 2021; Lu and Ueno, 2015; OF Afuwape et al., 2022; OF Afuwape et al., 2021; OF Afuwape et al., 2021; OF Afuwape et al., 2022; Alawi et al., 2023; Colella et al., 2019; S Fiocchi et al., 2016; S Fiocchi et al., 2016; J Gomez-Tames et al., 2019; Guadagnin et al., 2016; Guadagnin et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2016; Lewis et al., 2023; CS Li et al., 2019; Lu et al., 2023; Makarov et al., 2021; KE Mantell et al., 2021; McCalley and Hanlon, 2021; Rastogi et al., 2017; Rastogi et al., 2018; M Soldati and Laakso, 2020; F Syeda et al., 2017; F Syeda et al., 2017; F Syeda et al., 2017; M Tzirini et al., 2022; Tzirini et al., 2021; M Tzirini et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2018; Yamamoto et al., 2015; Zucca et al., 2017)
Mean 11 (6:5) (Huang et al., 2019; Amani et al., 2021; Ashikhmin and Aliev, 2016; Colella et al., 2021; Colella et al., 2019; KE Mantell et al., 2021; McCalley and Hanlon, 2021; Lang et al., 2020; Janssen et al., 2013; EG Lee et al., 2018)
Element 7 (4:3) (Kasten et al., 2019; Preisig and Hervais-Adelman, 2022; Steinmann et al., 2022; Germick et al., 2018; Zhong et al., 2022; Zhong et al., 2021; Zhong et al., 2019)
ROI Structure Mean 30 (3:27) (Suen et al., 2021; Lang et al., 2020; Steinmann et al., 2022; Bai et al., 2014; Benussi et al., 2021; Benussi et al., 2022; Cancelli et al., 2018; Esmaeilpour et al., 2020; Fernández-Corazza et al., 2020; Foerster et al., 2019; Indahlastari et al., 2018; Kalloch et al., 2022; Rauscher et al., 2020; Rezaee and Dutta, 2019; Rezaee and Dutta, 2020; Rezaee et al., 2019; Salameh et al., 2022; Salvador et al., 2015; Solanki et al., 2021; G Soleimani et al., 2022; Suzuki et al., 2022; C Thomas et al., 2019; Zanto et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021; Fischer et al., 2017; Salehinejad et al., 2020; Mezger et al., 2020; Mosayebi-Samani et al., 2021; Bhalerao et al., 2021; Gomez-Feria et al., 2022)
Percentile 29 (9:20) (Seo and Jun, 2019; Shahid et al., 2014; S Fiocchi et al., 2016; S Fiocchi et al., 2016; M Tzirini et al., 2022; Benussi et al., 2021; Benussi et al., 2022; Suzuki et al., 2022; C Thomas et al., 2019; Mezger et al., 2020; DaSilva et al., 2015; Datta et al., 2013; Edwards et al., 2013; Fiocchi et al., 2018; Fiocchi et al., 2022; S Fiocchi et al., 2016; WH Lee et al., 2018; Lu and Ueno, 2017; Manoli et al., 2017; Mizutani-Tiebel et al., 2022; Mosayebi-Samani et al., 2023; M Parazzini et al., 2017; Parazzini et al., 2015; Parazzini et al., 2014; Passera et al., 2022; Rezaee et al., 2020; Seibt et al., 2015; Thomas et al., 2018)
Element 3 (3:0) (Beynel et al., 2021; Rastogi et al., 2019; Beynel et al., 2020)
Sphere Mean 30 (13:17) (Weise et al., 2022; BBB Zhang et al., 2022; Saturnino et al., 2021; Turi et al., 2022; Carlson et al., 2023; Caulfield and George, 2022; S Van Hoornweder et al., 2022; Mosayebi-Samani et al., 2021; KA Caulfield et al., 2020; KA Caulfield et al., 2022; Ciechanski et al., 2018; Dmochowski et al., 2013; Evans et al., 2020; Fekete et al., 2018; Klaus and Schutter, 2021; Liu et al., 2022; G Soleimani et al., 2022; S Van Hoornweder et al., 2022; Balderston et al., 2020; KA Caulfield et al., 2022; KA Caulfield et al., 2021; KA Caulfield et al., 2021; Janssen et al., 2014; Janssen et al., 2015; Ni et al., 2023; SV Van Hoornweder et al., 2021; S Van Hoornweder et al., 2022; Yamamoto et al., 2016; H Zhang et al., 2022)
Percentile 8 (3:5) (Weise et al., 2022; Saturnino et al., 2015; Hsu et al., 2023; Marquardt et al., 2021; Dmochowski et al., 2013; Janssen et al., 2015; Carla Piastra et al., 2021)
Mode 1 (0:1) (Jog et al., 2021)
Hexa- hedron Percentile 2 (0:2)) (Filmer et al., 2019; M Parazzini et al., 2017)
Mean 2 (0:2) (KA Caulfield et al., 2020; Galletta et al., 2015)
Cylinder Percentile 2 (0:2) (SM Rampersad et al., 2014; Santos et al., 2016)
Mean 1 (0:1) (SM Rampersad et al., 2014)
E┴, ‖ ROI Cylinder Mean 1 (0:1) (SM Rampersad et al., 2014)

|E| = magnitude of the electric field (E-Field), E┴, ‖ = normal or tangential components of the E-field, ROI = region of interest.