Table 1.

Comparison of language and auditory-verbal learning and memory findings pre-operatively and post-operatively (Carrow-Woolfolk, 1995, Delis, 2017, Dunn, 2019, Wechsler, 2009a, Williams, 2019).

Measure	Standard Score		RCI	SD	Standard Score		RCI	SD	Standard Score		RCI	SD
wPPVT–5	Preop Baseline	6 Months Postop			6 Months Postop	1 Year Postop			Preop Baseline	1 Year Postop
Total Score	111	98	−2.19	< 1.0	98	105 *	ns	< 1.0	111	105*	ns	< 1.0
EVT– 3
Total Score	102	84	−4.45	> 1.0	84	92 *	ns	< 1.0	102	92*	ns	< 1.0
OWLS–2
Listening Comprehension	121	133	ns	< 1.0	133	118	ns	1.0	121	118	ns	< 1.0
CVLT–3
Trials 1–5 Correct	108	93	–	1.0	93	103 *	ns	< 1.0	108	103*	ns	< 1.0
Short Delay Free Recall Correct	105	80	–	> 1.5	80	105 *	2.19	1.0	105	105*	ns	< 1.0
Long Delay Free Recall Correct	105	85	–	> 1.0	85	105 *	ns	< 1.0	105	105*	ns	< 1.0
WMS-IV Logical Memory
Logical Memory I	105	NA	–	–	NA	95	–	–	105	95	−4.78	< 1.0
Logical Memory II	95	NA	–	–	NA	95	–	–	95	95	ns	< 1.0
DKEFS Verbal Fluency
Letter Fluency: Total Correct	80	NA	–	–	NA	80	–	–	80	80	ns	< 1.0
Category Fluency: Total Correct	105	NA	–	–	NA	85	–	–	105	85	−9.83	> 1.0
Category Switching: Correct Responses	105	NA	–	–	NA	90	–	–	105	90	−4.09	1.0
Category Switching: Switching Accuracy	110	NA	–	–	NA	95	–	–	110	95	−4.06	1.0

Note: An

^*indicates an alternate form was used to control for practice effects due to test-retest < 1 year.

RCI = Reliable change index > 1.96 indicates statistically notable change over time and is presented in bold.

SD = Standard deviation > 1.0 SD indicates statistically notable change over time and is presented in bold.

NA = Not administered at six-month postoperative evaluation.

ns = Nonsignificant.