Table 1. Overview of the emerging categories and themes from the codes.

Codes (examples)	Categories	Themes
No calls (from the hospital)	Freedom from work	DHRs improved work schedule
No worries (about being out)	Allowed free time
Recovery while resting	Quality of life
Focus on daytime work	Planned work and life
Other schedules after work
Discussion with faculty	Daytime benefit for learning	Residents have more time to learn on their own
Operation, Procedures
Preparation of next work	Utilizing allowed free time for learning
Search for data
Fellowship course	Extension of training time
Task transferred to senior residents	Work redistribution to upward	Clinical departments have come to distribute work
Supervisor’s night shift
Rotation of nightshift within a team	Effective team approach
Cooperation (with other departments)	Hospital system in need of improvement
Institutional support (of on-off system)
Less tired	Fewer mistakes	Organization members have strived to improve patient safety
Senior residents in charge of intensive care	Reasonable workload distribution within a team
Not alone in nightshift (all training years residents on duty)
Rotation of nightshift within a team
Unchanged faculty role of final decision	Increased faculty role
Increasing demands on faculty role
Strengthen workforce of experts	Institutional support in need of reinforcement
Increased awareness of patient safety

The codes are presented with some representative examples. DHRs, Duty hour regulations