Table 2.
Sociodemographic and household interactions of Non-Cases (uninfected contacts) and Secondary Cases. The table presents Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for sociodemographic variables associated with secondary transmission.
| Characteristics | Non-cases | Secondary cases | OR (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 218 | N = 34 | ||
| Age, years, (mean± SD) | 30.62 ± 19.92 | 35.30 ± 19.67 | 1.01(0.99,1.03) |
| 0-10 Years | 40 (18.35%) | 2 ( 5.88%) | Ref |
| 11-20 Years | 35 (16.06%) | 6 (17.65%) | 3.43(0.65,18.09) |
| 21-30 Years | 41 (18.81%) | 10 (29.41%) | 4.88(1.01,23.67) |
| 31-40 Years | 40 (18.35%) | 4 (11.76%) | 2.0(0.35,11.54) |
| 41-50 Years | 18 ( 8.26%) | 3 ( 8.82%) | 3.33(0.51,21.71) |
| 51-60 Years | 15 ( 6.88%) | 3 ( 8.82%) | 4.0(0.61,26.35) |
| > 60 Years | 29 (13.30%) | 6 (17.65%) | 4.14(0.78,21.99) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 109 (50.00%) | 15 (44.12%) | Ref |
| Female | 109 (50.00%) | 19 (55.88%) | 1.27(0.61,2.62) |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 83 (38.07%) | 11 (32.35%) | 0.78(0.36,1.68) |
| Unemployed | 135 (61.93%) | 23 (67.65%) | Ref |
| Symptoms | |||
| Fever | 23 (10.55%) | 12 (35.29%) | 4.62(2.03,10.56) |
| Sore throat | 30 (13.76%) | 12 (35.29%) | 3.42(1.53,7.62) |
| Congestion or runny nose | 43 (19.72%) | 13 (38.24%) | 2.52(1.17,5.43) |
| Cough | 39 (17.89%) | 12 (35.29%) | 2.50(1.14,5.48) |
| Nausea or vomiting@ | 3 ( 1.38%) | 3 ( 8.82%) | 6.94(1.34,35.9) |
| Headache | 19 ( 8.72%) | 11 (32.35%) | 5.01(2.12,11.82) |
| Muscle/Body ache | 17 ( 7.80%) | 12 (35.29%) | 6.45(2.73,15.24) |
| Loss of smell | 17 ( 7.80%) | 12 (35.29%) | 6.45(2.73,15.24) |
| Loss of taste | 5 ( 2.29%) | 8 (23.53%) | 13.11(3.99,43.05) |
| Fatigue@ | 14 ( 6.42%) | 13 (38.24%) | 9.02(3.75,21.71) |
| Pre-existing comorbidities* | 22 (10.09%) | 5 (14.71%) | 1.54(0.54,4.37) |
| Household size% | |||
| < 5 members | 44 (20.18%) | 9 (26.47%) | Ref |
| 5-10 members | 141 (64.68%) | 21 (61.76%) | 0.73(0.31,1.71) |
| > 10 members | 33 (15.14%) | 4 (11.76%) | 0.59(0.17,2.09) |
| Domestic Travel History | 9 ( 4.13%) | 2 ( 5.88%) | 1.45(0.3,7.02) |
| International Travel History | 1 ( 0.46%) | 1 ( 2.94%) | 6.58(0.4107.69) |
| Contact typically shares a room with the primary case, n = 251 | 110 (50.69%) | 17 (50.00%) | 0.97(0.47,2.00) |
| Contact Duration with primary case, Median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0-5.0) | 0.5 (0.0-3.0) | 0.94(0.84,1.04) |
| Contact took care of primary case at home during illness | 68 (31.19%) | 14 (41.18%) | 1.54(0.74,3.24) |
| Contact hugged primary case during illness, n = 250 | 66 (30.41%) | 6 (18.18%) | 0.51(0.2,1.29) |
| Contact shook hands with primary case during illness n = 247@ | 132 (60.83%) | 13 (43.33%) | 0.49(0.23,1.07) |
| Contact shared a meal with primary case during illness | 122 (55.96%) | 18 (52.94%) | 0.89(0.43,1.83) |
| Contact ate with hands from the same plate as primary case during illness | 39 (17.89%) | 5 (14.71%) | 0.79(0.29,2.17) |
| Contact shared a drinking cup/glass with primary case during illness n = 250 | 54 (25.00%) | 9 (26.47%) | 1.08(0.48,2.46) |
| Contact shared utensils with primary case during illness | 72 (33.03%) | 9 (26.47%) | 0.73(0.32,1.65) |
| Contact slept in the same room as primary case during illness | 37 (16.97%) | 7 (20.59%) | 1.27(0.51,3.13) |
| Contact shared a toilet with case during illness, n = 249 | 60 (27.65%) | 10 (31.25%) | 1.19(0.53,2.66) |
| Contact wears face mask every time outside the house | |||
| Never | 10 ( 4.59%) | 0 ( 0.00%) | - |
| Sometimes | 29 (13.30%) | 2 ( 5.88%) | 0.39(0.09,1.70) |
| Always | 179 (82.11%) | 32 (94.12%) | Ref |
@Final adjusted model was significant for Nausea/vomiting aOR: 7.89 95% CI 1.37,45.53, Fatigue aOR:9.31, 95% CI 3.81,22.78 and did the contact shake hands with the case during the time he/she was ill ? aOR: 0.41 95% CI 0.17,0.97
%Household size refers to the number of people in the household of each contact.
*Co-morbid conditions include cancer, Diabetes, HIV or other immune deficiency, heart disease, asthma, chronic lungs disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic anemia disease, chronic neurological disease, organ or bone marrow recipient and other pre-existing conditions.
Employed: government job, private job, daily wages worker and self-employed and un-employed: retired persons, students, and housewives