Fig. 2.

Boxplot of fold changes of cell cycle checkpoint mRNAs (n = 8–11 per group). A p16 gene expression, B p38 gene expression, C p53 gene expression, and D p21 gene expression in female wild-type mice treated with DSS and DSS + Fisetin. The 2^−ΔΔCt method was used to calculate and normalize the gene expression, in which − ∆∆Ct was calculated as − ∆∆Ct = average (∆Ct _control) − ∆Ct _sample, and ∆Ct = Ct _{target gene} − Ct _{housekeeping gene}. The housekeeping gene was β2M. Nonparametric multiple pairwise Dunn’s test was performed to evaluate the differential gene expression among different treatments with Bonferroni adjustment applied to control for type I error