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Standardized path diagram of the cross-lagged model for frailty and multimorbidity; Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (N = 22 786). ***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05; T4, Wave 4; T5, Wave 5; T6, Wave 6; model adjusted for age, sex, country, level of education, retirement status, and smoking and drinking status in Wave 4.
