Table 4. Talc delivery systems for talc poudrage described in humans.

Delivery system	Technique	Description	Manufacturer	Talc dose	Advantages
Through the thoracoscope	Talc insufflation	Instillation via dedicated operating channel with vials loaded with talc	Storz	3–4 g	Direct observation and orientation in talc deposition
Through other devices	Talc insufflation	Deposition using a cannula connected to an insufflator	Novatech	3–4 g	Does not require a large trocar lumen
	Talc spray	Instillation via a vaporizer/spray	Novatech, Sciarra Laboratories Inc., experimental models (68,69)	3–5 g	High level of vaporization and distribution of talc in the pleural cavity