Table 4.
Prevalence of Nonvaccination to Hepatitis A Among Risk Groups and Immunization Cohort in the United States, NHANES 2007–2016
| 2007–2016 |
2007–2010 |
2011–2016 |
Relative % Change (95% CI)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | % (95% CI) | n/N | % (95% CI) | n/N | % (95% CI) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Persons with hepatitis B or hepatitis Cb | 232/315 | 75.1 (68.9–81.2) | 107/144 | 78.3 (70.9–85.6) | 125/171 | 63.8 (51.5–76.2) | −18.4 (−35.4 to −1.4)* |
| Men who had any sex with menc | 183/289 | 65.2 (58.4–72.1) | 37/062 | 52.4 (38.1–66.8) | 146/227 | 64.0 (56.2–71.7) | 21.9 (−12.2 to 56) |
| Persons who reported drug used | |||||||
| Having used, not IDU | 1556/2197 | 71.7 (69.0–74.3) | 682/910 | 75.2 (72.1–78.3) | 874/1287 | 65.2 (61.2–69.2) | −13.3 (−19.5 to −71)* |
| IDU | 276/390 | 73.1 (672–79.0) | 121/163 | 75.1 (678–82.4) | 155/227 | 674 (58.6–76.1) | −10.3 (−24.4 to 3.8) |
| Immunization birth cohorte | 1884/8560 | 25.9 (24.0–278) | 608/2013 | 34.6 (30.4–38.8) | 1276/6547 | 23.4 (21.2–25.6) | −32.4 (−42.4 to −22.4)* |
All estimates are weighted except for n/N.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HAV, hepatitis A virus; IDU, injection drug use; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; n/N, number of negative anti-HAV results over total number of tested samples.
Prevalence estimates among risk groups were age-adjusted using the US 2000 standard population. Risk groups only included US-born adults aged ≥20 years.
Relative percentage changes between 2007–2010 and 2011–2016.
P < .05.
Those who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C RNA.
Males 20–69 years old only. Data are not available in NHANES 2007–2008.
Adults 20–69 years old only. Included cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. Excluded marijuana.
Those born after 2004 and aged ≥2 years during 2007–2016. Since 2006, the Advisory Community on Immunization Practice (ACIP) recommends all children aged 12–23 months to have hepatitis A routine vaccination.