Table 1.
Case Reports and Case Series of MIS‐A With Cardiac Involvement
| Study | Sample size | Sex, n (%) | Age, y | Cardiac dysfunction (EF ≤50%), n (%) | Myocarditis, n (%) | Death, n (%) | Immunomodulatory treatment, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patel et al 2 | 221 |
Male: 154 (70) Female: 65 (30) |
21 (Median) IQR 19–35 |
114 (54) | 61 (30) | 1 (7) |
IVIG: 112 (55) Corticosteroids: 152 (74) Immune modulators (anakinra and tocilizumab): 42 (21) |
| Gurin et al 5 | 1 | Male | 26 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
IVIG Corticosteroids |
| Shen et al 6 | 1 | Male | 43 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | IVIG |
| Patel et al 7 | 1 | Male | 30 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | Corticosteroids |
| Morris et al 8 | 16 |
Male: 7 (44) Female: 9 (56) |
21–50 | 9 (56) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
Corticosteroids: 10 (62) IVIG: 7 (44) Tocilizumab: 2 (13) |
| Hékimian et al 9 | 11 |
Male: 6 (55) Female: 5 (45) |
16–40 | 11 (100) | 6 (55) | 1 (9) |
IVIG: 5 (45) Corticosteroids: 4 (76) |
| Vannella et al 10 | 1 | Male | 26 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | None |
| Chau et al 11 | 7 | Male: 7 (100) | 20–42 | 7 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Corticosteroids: 7 (100) |
| Cattaneo et al 12 | 1 | Male | 27 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Corticosteroids Anakinra |
| Veyseh et al 13 | 1 | Male | 43 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Corticosteroids |
| Diakite et al 14 | 1 | Male | 33 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
IVIG Corticosteroids |
| Aldeghaither et al 15 | 3 | Male: 2 (67) Female: 1 (33) | 21–39 | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 (0) |
Corticosteroids: 3 (100) IVIG: 2 (67) Anakinra: 2 (67) |
EF indicates ejection fraction; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; and MIS‐A, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in adults.