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MDSCs in cutaneous melanoma. In melanoma, MDSCs differentiate from monocytes through the action of HSP90α on EVs secreted by tumor cells. In addition, MDSCs are stimulated by secreted IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL5 or induced by tumor cells; proliferate, activate and are recruited to the tumor site, where they in turn exert immunosuppressive effects
