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. 2024 Apr 12;22:166. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02434-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — Colitis alleviation effect of YBNs@PDA in a delayed therapeutic setting. (A) Experimental timeline for different treatments. (B) Daily bodyweight changes in each group. YBNs (10 mg/kg) or YBNs@PDA (L: low dose: 5 mg/kg; H: High dose: 10 mg/kg). (C) Macroscopic colon appearance of each group. (D) Colon length was determined in the indicated groups. (E) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining images, alcian blue images, colonic MPO and Tunel images of colon tissue of each group, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation from a representative experiment (n = 6). *P < 0.05, analysed by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (D)