Table 1.
Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the pregnant women and the differences in the PCS and MCS scores (n = 311)
| Characteristics | n (%) | PCS score | MCS score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P value | Mean (SD) | P value | ||
| 1. Age(years) | 0.79 | 0.43a | |||
| < 29 | 185 (59.5%) | 41.5 ± 7.5 | 48.0 ± 9.3 | ||
| ≥ 29 | 126 (40.5%) | 41.7 ± 7.9 | 47.2 ± 8.9 | ||
| 2. Place of residence | 0.31 | 0.01 | |||
| Rural area | 36 (11.6%) | 42.5 ± 8.3 | 44.0 ± 10.5 | ||
| Urban area | 275 (88.4%) | 41.5 ± 7.6 | 48.2 ± 8.8 | ||
| 3. Educational level | 0.36 | 0.02 | |||
| Junior high school or below | 16 (5.1%) | 44.7 ± 9.2 | 44.9 ± 13.6 | ||
| Senior high school | 26 (8.4%) | 42.4 ± 7.9 | 42.8 ± 9.2 | ||
| College | 105 (33.8%) | 41.4 ± 6.9 | 48.3 ± 8.7 | ||
| Undergraduate or above | 164 (52.7%) | 41.3 ± 7.9 | 48.4 ± 8.6 | ||
| 4. Occupation | 0.98 | 0.09 | |||
| None | 62 (19.9%) | 41.7 ± 7.4 | 45.5 ± 10.0 | ||
| Knowledge worker | 188 (60.5%) | 41.6 ± 7.9 | 48.4 ± 8.5 | ||
| Physical labourer | 61 (19.6%) | 41.4 ± 7.2 | 47.7 ± 9.7 | ||
| 5. Family’s monthly income per capita | 0.40 | 0.03 | |||
| ≤ 3000 | 36 (11.6%) | 42.6 ± 7.7 | 44.7 ± 9.9 | ||
| > 3000 | 275 (88.4%) | 41.5 ± 7.6 | 48.1 ± 9.0 | ||
| 6.Height | 0.14 | 0.89 | |||
| < 162 cm | 185 (59.5%) | 41.1 ± 7.5 | 47.8 ± 9.3 | ||
| ≥ 162 | 126 (40.5%) | 42.4 ± 7.8 | 47.6 ± 8.9 | ||
| 7. Pre-pregnancy weight | 0.97 | 0.77 | |||
| < 50 | 75 (24.1%) | 41.7 ± 7.4 | 47.5 ± 8.5 | ||
| 50–60 | 183 (58.8%) | 41.5 ± 7.7 | 48.0 ± 9.1 | ||
| > 60 | 53 (17.0%) | 41.8 ± 8.0 | 47.0 ± 10.0 | ||
| 8. Gestational age | 0.72 | 0.81 | |||
| 14–27 weeks | 90 (28.9%) | 41.4 ± 7.2 | 47.5 ± 9.3 | ||
| ≥ 28 weeks | 221 (71.1%) | 41.7 ± 7.8 | 47.8 ± 9.1 | ||
| 9. Gravidity | 0.24 | 0.48 | |||
| 1 | 219 (70.4%) | 41.3 ± 7.4 | 47.9 ± 8.9 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 92 (29.6%) | 42.4 ± 8.1 | 47.1 ± 9.6 | ||
| 10. Planned pregnancy | 0.03 | 0.02 | |||
| No | 66 (21.2%) | 43.5 ± 7.4 | 45.3 ± 10.0 | ||
| Yes | 245 (78.8%) | 41.1 ± 7.6 | 48.3 ± 8.8 | ||
| 11. Use of assisted reproductive technology | 0.10 | 0.75 | |||
| No | 214 (68.8%) | 42.1 ± 8.0 | 47.8 ± 9.5 | ||
| Yes | 97 (31.2%) | 40.6 ± 6.8 | 47.4 ± 8.4 | ||
| 12. Parity | 0.14 | 0.22 | |||
| 0 | 200 (64.3%) | 41.1 ± 7.4 | 48.2 ± 8.8 | ||
| ≥ 1 | 111 (35.7%) | 42.5 ± 7.9 | 46.8 ± 9.6 | ||
| 13. History of adverse pregnancy or childbirth outcomes | 0.12 | 0.12 | |||
| No | 272 (87.5%) | 41.9 ± 7.8 | 48.0 ± 9.2 | ||
| Yes | 39 (12.5%) | 39.8 ± 6.2 | 45.6 ± 8.3 | ||
| 14. Pregnancy complications | 0.66 | 0.02 | |||
| No | 296 (95.2%) | 41.6 ± 7.6 | 48.0 ± 9.1 | ||
| Yes | 15 (4.8%) | 40.7 ± 7.6 | 42.3 ± 7.2 | ||
| 15. History of smoking and drinking before pregnancy | 0.25 | 0.50 | |||
| None | 301 (96.8%) | 41.5 ± 7.7 | 47.6 ± 9.2 | ||
| Smoking and/or alcohol consumption | 10 (3.2%) | 43.4 ± 4.7 | 49.6 ± 5.5 | ||
| 16. Exercise before pregnancy | 0.31 | 0.05 | |||
| < 2 h per week | 138 (44.4%) | 42.3 ± 8.1 | 46.6 ± 9.7 | ||
| 2 ~ 5 h per week | 117 (37.6%) | 41.1 ± 6.9 | 47.8 ± 8.8 | ||
| > 5 h per week | 56 (18.0%) | 40.8 ± 8.0 | 50.2 ± 7.9 | ||
| 17. Adherence to scientific dietary recommendations | 0.47 | < 0.01 | |||
| No | 57 (18.3%) | 40.9 ± 7.4 | 43.3 ± 10.2 | ||
| Yes | 254 (81.7%) | 41.8 ± 7.7 | 48.7 ± 8.6 | ||
| 18. Sleep | 0.08 | < 0.01 | |||
| Poor | 20 (6.4%) | 43.6 ± 8.7 | 40.3 ± 9.4 | ||
| Ordinary | 186 (59.8%) | 40.8 ± 7.3 | 47.7 ± 9.2 | ||
| Good | 105 (33.8%) | 42.6 ± 7.9 | 49.1 ± 8.3 | ||
| 19. Maternal physical condition during pregnancy | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||
| Poor | 5 (1.6%) | 36.2 ± 14.4 | 41.2 ± 7.6 | ||
| Ordinary | 171 (55.0%) | 39.8 ± 7.4 | 46.0 ± 9.6 | ||
| Good | 135 (43.4%) | 44.1 ± 6.9 | 50.0 ± 8.0 | ||
| 20. Occupational stress | 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||
| High | 45 (14.5%) | 39.6 ± 7.2 | 42.9 ± 8.9 | ||
| Ordinary | 140 (45.0%) | 40.9 ± 7.1 | 47.4 ± 8.4 | ||
| Low or none | 126 (40.5%) | 43.1 ± 8.1 | 49.7 ± 9.4 | ||
Abbreviations: PCS physical component summary, MCS mental component summary, SD standard deviation