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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 12.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2023 Jun 30;27(7):3645–3656. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2023.3271580

TABLE IV.

Comparison of User Grouping Approaches With h = 3 Neighbors, Pn = 3 and Full Mode Data Accumulation, Averaged Over 4 Individual Runs; No Neighbors and Random Neighbors Are Included as Baselines

K= 1 K=3 K=5
Clustering Method Recall Precision Cosine Similarity F1 Recall Precision Cosine Similarity F1 Recall Precision Cosine Similarity F1
No Clustering, No Neighbors 0.296 0.874 0.909 0.442 0.590 0.584 0.891 0.586 0.681 0.402 0.887 0.505
No Clustering, 3 Random Neighbors 0.277 0.813 0.763 0.413 0.510 0.526 0.730 0.517 0.597 0.383 0.700 0.466
K-Means of Profile-Bios [54] 0.290 0.865 0.812 0.434 0.572 0.545 0.742 0.558 0.610 0.384 0.765 0.471
BBERT Features of Profile-Bios 0.301 0.880 0.911 0.448 0.629 0.612 0.892 0.620 0.708 0.491 0.887 0.579
BBERT Features of NER Disease Timelines 0.317 0.952 0.916 0.475 0.661 0.649 0.892 0.654 0.739 0.524 0.890 0.613