Effects of UNAlg-son (A), UNAlg-ultra (B) and CNAlg-ultra on larval development of H. contortus. *Different numbers indicate statistical difference (P < 0.05). UNAlg-son, uncoated R-carvone nanoemulsion with sodium alginate; UNAlg-ultra, uncoated R-carvone nanoemulsion with sodium alginate; CNAlg-ultra, sodium alginate coated R-carvone nanoemulsion; IVM, ivermectin (positive control). Sodium alginate solution (4%) was used as a negative control for nanoemulsions.