Table 4.
Summary of Tests of Moderation for Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups.
| Moderators associated with the intergroup situation (121 tests) 1 |
Number of mobilization effects | Number of sedative effects | Number of mixed effects (mobilization and sedative) | Number of null effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group Status (67 tests) | 26 | 13 | 8 | 20 |
| Advantaged (19 tests) | 14 | — | — | 5 |
| Disadvantaged (32 tests) | 6 | 9 | 8 | 9 |
| Advantaged (7 tests, with negative contact) | — | 4 | — | 3 |
| Disadvantaged (9 tests, with negative contact) | 6 | — | — | 3 |
| Content of contact (20 tests) | 11 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| Advantaged (11 tests) | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Disadvantaged (9 tests) | 5 | 3 | — | 1 |
| Perceptions of group hierarchy (12 tests) | 9 | — | — | 3 |
| Advantaged (8 tests) | 6 | — | — | 2 |
| Disadvantaged (1 test) | — | — | — | 1 |
| Advantaged (3 tests, with negative contact) | 3 | — | — | — |
| Intergroup threat (8 tests) | 4 | 2 | — | 2 |
| Advantaged (3 tests) | 2 | — | — | 1 |
| Disadvantaged (3 tests) | 2 | — | — | 1 |
| Advantaged (1 test, with negative contact) | — | 1 | — | — |
| Disadvantaged (1 test, with negative contact) | — | 1 | — | — |
| Perceived inequality (6 tests) | 2 | 2 | 2 | — |
| Advantaged (3 tests) | 2 | — | 1 | — |
| Disadvantaged (3 tests) | — | 2 | 1 | — |
| Previous contact (4 tests) | 2 | — | — | 2 |
| Advantaged (2 tests) | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Disadvantaged (2 tests) | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Group salience (2 tests) | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Advantaged (1 test) | 1 | — | — | — |
| Disadvantaged (1 test) | — | — | — | 1 |
| Institutional support (2 tests) | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Advantaged (2 tests) | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Disadvantaged (0 tests) | — | — | — | — |
| Moderators associated with the out-group (-) 2 |
Number of mobilization effects | Number of sedative effects | Number of mixed effects | Number of null effects |
| — | — | — | — | — |
| Moderators associated with the in-group (6 tests) 3 |
Number of mobilization effects | Number of sedative effects | Number of mixed effects | Number of null effects |
| Group identification (6 tests) | — | 2 | — | 4 |
| Advantaged (2 tests) | — | — | — | 2 |
| Disadvantaged (4 tests) | — | 2 | — | 2 |
Note. In the table we report the number of tests of moderation for the studies included in the review. Specifically, for each study we report whether the moderator(s) for a specific sample has allowed mobilization effects of contact, sedative effects, mixed effects (i.e., both mobilization and sedative effects), null (nonsignificant) effects. Therefore, since some studies included more than one sample and/or more than one moderator, the number of tests is greater than the number of studies: the number of tests is equal to the number of samples included in a study, for each contact measure (i.e., a study with two samples and one contact measure will have two tests for each moderator; a study with two samples and two contact measures will have four tests for each moderator). The Table does not provide indications on the direction of the effect of the moderator (i.e., whether the mobilization, sedative, or mixed effect emerged for high or low values of the moderator).