Other stimuli that are capable of inducing necroptosis. FASL, TRAIL, LPS, dsRNA (such as poly (I:C)), and interferon γ (IFNγ), can stimulate their respective receptors to activate TRIF, RIPK1, and subsequent binding to RIPK3 via their RHIM domain to activate RIPK3. Viral infection directly activates RIPK3 through ZBP1/DAI (DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors) binding to RIPK3. Activated RIPK3 then phosphorylates MLKL and causes the oligomerization of MLKL, membrane insertion of MLKL oligomers, and disruption of plasma and intracellular membrane integrity to induce necroptosis.