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. 2024 Mar 22;5:100174. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100174

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© 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — Agarose gel image of the multiplex molecular xenomonitoring PCR during assay validation (controlled laboratory infection of B. glabrata with S. mansoni miracidia). Abbreviations: HL, HyperLadder 100 bp (BioLine, UK); Bg+Sm(1), sample DNA isolated from individual Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to a single miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni; Bg+Sm(5), sample DNA isolated from individual B. glabrata exposed to five miracidia of S. mansoni; Bg, B. glabrata sample DNA isolated from individual B. glabrata not exposed to miracidia of S. mansoni; NTC, no template ddH₂O negative control; Bp, B. pfeifferi sample DNA; Sm, S. mansoni sample DNA. Schistosoma mansoni DNA was detected in four of all five Bg+Sm(1) samples (highlighted by upward-facing white arrows). Schistosoma mansoni DNA was also detected in all five Bg+Sm(5) samples. GelRed loading buffer stain may affect PCR amplicon migration.