Table 1.
Biomphalaria and Schistosoma material used during development, validation, and pilot application of the molecular xenomonitoring end-point PCR assay.
| Sample ID | Specimen | Collection location or laboratory strain | S. mansoni infection status | DNA extraction method | Provided by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bp | B. pfeifferi (n = 1) | Collected: Lake Victoria, Uganda | Non-infected | DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen, UK) using standard protocol (Pennance et al., 2018) with minor modificationsa | SSR |
| Bs | B. sudanica (n = 1) | Collected: Lake Victoria, Tanzania | Non-infected | SCAN | |
| Bc | B. choanomphala (n = 1) | Collected: Lake Victoria, Tanzania | Non-infected | SCAN | |
| Sm | S. mansoni adult worms (n = 3, collectively extracted) | Laboratory passaged: Puerto Rico strain | Not applicable | DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen, UK) using standard protocol (Webster et al., 2012) | SSR |
| Sr | S. rodhaini adult worms (n = 3, collectively extracted) | Laboratory passaged: Uganda strain | Not applicable | SSR | |
| Sh | S. haematobium adult worms (n = 3, collectively extracted) | Laboratory passaged: Senegal strain | Not applicable | SCAN | |
| Sm-mir(1) | S. mansoni miracidia (n = 6, individually extracted) | Laboratory passaged: Puerto Rico strain | Not applicable | DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen, UK) using standard protocol (Webster et al., 2012) with minor modificationsb | BRI |
| Bg+Sm(1) | B. glabrata exposed to one S. mansoni miracidium (n = 5, individually extracted) | Laboratory-bred: Brazil (BB02) strain, originally collected in 2002 | Infected: Control laboratory infection with one S. mansoni miracidium (Puerto Rico strain) (Section 2.2.4.1) | DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen, UK), 24 h post miracidia exposure using standard protocol (Pennance et al., 2018) with minor modificationsa | B. glabrata provided by SSR; S. mansoni miracidia provided by BRI |
| Bg+Sm(5) | B. glabrata exposed to five S. mansoni miracidia (n = 5, individually extracted) | Infected: Control laboratory infection with 5 S. mansoni miracidia (Puerto Rico strain) (Section 2.2.4.1) | |||
| Bg | B. glabrata (n = 2 individually extracted) | Non-infected (Section 2.2.4.1) | SSR | ||
| Biomph91(mal) | Biomphalaria spp. (n = 91, individually extracted) | Collected: Lake Malawi, Malawi (Section 2.3.1) | Unknown: Not shedding S. mansoni cercariae | BioSprint 96 workstation and BioSprint 96 DNA Blood Kit (Qiagen, UK) using standard protocol (Pennance et al., 2020) | Not applicable |
| Bp+Sm(mal) | B. pfeifferi infected with S. mansoni (n = 1) | Collected: Lake Malawi, Malawi (Section 2.3.1) | Infected: Natural infection, shedding S. mansoni cercariae | Not applicable |
Abbreviations: SSR, Schistosome and Snail Resource, London, UK (SSR, 2024); SCAN, Schistosome Collections at Natural History Museum, London, UK (Emery et al., 2012); BRI, Biomedical Research Institute, Maryland, USA.
a
Double volume cell lysis buffers used.
b
Half volume cell lysis buffers and elution buffer used.