Table 2.

Progression analysis and cancer-specific survival analysis of multiple CIS and high-risk CIS versus non-progressive CIS, stratified by sex.

	Model	Measure	Multiple CIS versus Non-Progressive CIS	High-Risk CIS versus Non-Progressive CIS
Progression analysis	Linear model measuring association between sex and progression +	Male (OR, 95% CI)	1.30 (1.21–1.39) *	1.70 (1.55–1.85) *
	Survival analysis measuring time to progression ++	Male (HR, 95% CI)	0.97 (0.91–1.04)	0.95 (0.87–1.04)
Cancer-specific survival analysis	Survival analysis measuring time to cancer-related death +++	Male (HR, 95% CI)	--	1.43 (1.15–1.79) *

⁺ Linear model included sex, diagnosis year, age, marital status, prior site, diagnosis at prior site, laterality, income, rural status, and surgery status as explanatory variables for progression. ⁺⁺ Survival model for time-to-progression included sex, diagnosis year, age, marital status, prior site, diagnosis at prior site, laterality, income, rural status, and surgery status as explanatory variables. ⁺⁺⁺ Cancer-specific survival Cox regression model included sex, age, year of diagnosis, and stage as explanatory variables for time to cancer-related death. * p = or <0.001. Note: Females are the reference group for each of the comparisons.