Table 1.
Wound Healing Phase | Cell Type | Cytokines | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
INFLAMMATION | NEUTROPHILES | TNF-α IL-1β IL-6 VEGF |
NF-kB NF-kB STAT3 ERK |
M1 MACROPHAGES | TNF-α IL-1β IL-6 IL-12 IL-23 |
NF-kB NF-kB STAT3 STAT4 STAT4 |
|
MAST CELL | TNF-α IL-6 VEGF IL-8 |
NF-kB STAT3 ERK STAT3/ERK |
|
TH1 LYMPHOCYTES | INF-γ IL-2 IL-12 |
STAT1 STAT3/ERK STAT4 |
|
PROLIFERATION | M2 MACROPHAGES | IL-10 TGF-β VEGF IGF1 |
STAT3 SMAD ERK ERK |
TH2 LYMPHOCYTES | IL-4 IL-5 IL-13 |
STAT6 ERK/NF-kB STAT6 |
|
REMODELING | T-REG | IL-10 TGF-β |
STAT3 SMAD |