Table 1.
Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data of NW and OB pregnant women expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD), absolute frequency (n), and column percentage (%).
| Variable | Total | NW | OB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 291 | n = 163 | n = 128 | p-Value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 33.9 (5.1) | 34.4 (5.0) | 33.2 (5.3) | 0.050 |
| School education, n (%) | ||||
| Low school | 29 (10.0%) | 9 (5.6%) | 20 (15.7%) | <0.001 |
| High school | 147 (50.9%) | 73 (45.1%) | 74 (58.3%) | |
| University degree | 113 (39.1%) | 80 (49.4%) | 33 (26.0%) | |
| Employment, n (%) | ||||
| Employed | 232 (80.6%) | 123 (76.4%) | 109 (85.8%) | 0.045 |
| Unemployed | 56 (19.5%) | 38 (23.6%) | 18 (14.2%) | |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg), mean (SD) | 70.9 (19.7) | 57.6 (6.8) | 87.7 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| Weight at the end of pregnancy (kg), mean (SD) | 81.4 (19.0) | 69.9 (8.5) | 96.2(18.0) | <0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.2 (7.1) | 21.4 (2.0) | 32.3 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI at the end of pregnancy (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.0 (6.5) | 25.9 (2.6) | 35.4 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Weight variation (kg), mean (SD) | 10.8 (6.4) | 12.3 (5.0) | 8.9 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 116.4 (13.1) | 113.3 (12.5) | 120.3 (12.8) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 71.1 (9.5) | 69.2 (9.1) | 73.4 (9.5) | 0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)), mean (SD) | 5.2 (0.4) | 5.1 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.4) | 0.066 |
| Third-trimester TC (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 249.1 (51.0) | 249.2 (49.9) | 249.0 (52.6) | 0.976 |
| Third-trimester HDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 64.8 (14.9) | 67.2 (15.2) | 62.0 (14.2) | 0.008 |
| Third-trimester TG (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 223.9 (97.5) | 217.7 (89.1) | 231.6 (106.9) | 0.280 |
| Third-trimester LDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 142.1 (43.2) | 142.1 (42.6) | 142.1 (44.2) | 0.987 |
| OGTT (mg/dL) at baseline (min), mean (SD) | 88.1 (12.3) | 85.2 (12.2) | 91.9 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| OGTT (mg/dL) after 60 min, mean (SD) | 147.5 (37.9) | 140.7 (38.7) | 156.2 (35.2) | <0.001 |
| OGTT (mg/dL) after 120 min, mean (SD) | 122.3 (31.8) | 118.4 (33.3) | 127.4 (29.2) | 0.018 |
| Delivery, n (%) | ||||
| Vaginal delivery | 166 (67.5%) | 109 (73.2%) | 57 (58.8%) | 0.019 |
| Cesarean section | 80 (32.5%) | 40 (26.8%) | 40 (41.2%) | |
| GDM, n (%) | ||||
| No | 113 (38.8%) | 79 (48.5%) | 34 (26.6%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 178 (61.2%) | 84 (51.5%) | 94 (73.4%) | |
| Insulin therapy, n (%) | ||||
| No | 197 (68.4%) | 135 (83.3%) | 62 (49.2%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 91 (31.6%) | 26 (16.7%) | 64 (50.8%) |
Statistically significant values are in bold. GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.