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. 2024 Mar 27;14(7):709. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14070709

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Main serum biomarkers of pulmonary sarcoidosis: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), galectins, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), serum interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2 receptor), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (C-X-C motif chemokine 9) (MIG (CXCL9), C-X-C motif chemokine 3 (CXCL3), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), serum amyloid-A (SSA), chitotriosidase (CTO), CD163 M2 macrophage.