Table 5.
Influence of cells on skin aging and its mechanism.
| Source | Substance | Method of Administration | Experimental Material | Role | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | ASCs | Injection, culture in vitro | Animal, in vitro studies | Tissue regeneration | Promote tissue regeneration through ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-exos); improve skin structure |
[69,70] |
| Adipose tissue | ADSCs | Injection, topical application | Animals, cells, humans | Enhanced skin cell function | Secretion of growth factors and cytokines (HGF, VEGF, IL-6); dermal fibroblast function ↑; type I collagen expression ↑ |
[69,71] |
| Gum | GMSC-EV | Injection, culture in vitro | Animal, cells | Inhibition of cellular senescence induced by oxidative stress | β-Galactosidase positive rate ↓; expression of aging proteins p21 and p53 ↓ |
[73,74] |
| Mesenchymal stem cells | Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes | Injection, topical application | Animals, cells, humans | Immune response regulation, cell proliferation and migration promotion | Regulate the immune response; cell proliferation and migration ↑; anti-aging by activating the AKT and ERK signaling pathways; contain specific miRNAs and proteins that affect cell cycle regulators |
[75,76,77] |
| Stem cells | SCS | Injection, topical application | Animal, cells | Skin condition improvement | The ability of cells to repair themselves ↑; antioxidant capacity ↑ |
[79] |
| Plant cells and microorganisms | EVs | Injection, topical application | Animals, cells, humans | Skin antioxidant | Antioxidant ability ↑ | [80,81] |
↑, increase; ↓, decrease.