. 2024 Mar 28;25(7):3763. doi: 10.3390/ijms25073763

Table 3.

Markers of monocyte/macrophage lineage studied in kidney diseases [10,11,12].

Cell Lineage	Markers
Monocytes/macrophages from hematopoietic stem cells [10,11]	CD11b⁺, CSF1R⁺, Ly-6C⁺, Ly-6G⁻, CX3CR1⁺, CCR2⁺
Resident macrophages in kidney [10,11] (Erythro-myeloid progenitors from yolk sac)	CD45⁺, CD 11b(low), F4/80 (high), Ly-6C(low)
Dendritic cells—CD-103-positive subtype [10,11]	CD11c⁺, MHC-II⁺, CD 103⁺, CD11b(low), CX3CR1-, SIRPα-
Dendritic cells—CD-11b-positive subtype [10,11]	CD11b⁺, CD103⁻, CX3CR1⁺, SIRPα⁺,
Classical monocytes in peripheral blood (Ly6C⁺ MHCII⁻) [10,11]	CD43(low), CCR2⁺, CX3CR1(low), CD62L⁺, TREML4^+/−, MHCII^+/−
Non-classical patrolling monocytes (LY6C⁻ MHC II low/⁻) [10,11]	CD43(high), CCR2⁻, CX3CR1(high), CD62L⁻, TREML4⁺, MHC II^+/−
M2a macrophages [12]	CD209
M2b macrophages [12]	CD86
M2c macrophages [12]	CD163

All the above-mentioned immune markers are initially standardized in animal models and subsequently validated in human research and diagnostic applications.