Table 4.

Overlapping phenotype and functions of dendritic cells and macrophages. The structural and functional similarity between dendritic cells and macrophages is highlighted, with an emphasis on the shared and unique antigens, receptors, and cytokines that regulate their development and function. Expansion of abbreviation of transcription factors regulating macrophages and dendritic cells—IRF4 and IRF5—Interferon regulatory factors 4 and 5 (DNA binding transcription factor involved in inflammatory mediation), STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), ID2 (Transcription regulator, activated by proinflammatory cytokines; a helix-loop-helix protein that inhibits the E protein transcription factors E2A, HEB and E2-2. The E proteins play important roles in B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte lineage specification and commitment, ATF3—master regulating activating transcription factor 3, involved in modulating metabolism, immunity and oncogenesis, ZBTB46—zinc finger and BTB containing domain 46 (transcription factor selectively expressed by classical dendritic cells) [3].

Macrophages	Dendritic Reticulum Cells
Functions—Tissue surveillance, secretes cytokines and chemokines, phagocytosis and cytotoxicity, fibrosis and matrix remodeling	Functions—Tissue surveillance, secretes cytokines and chemokines, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, T cell stimulation and immune tolerance
Transcription factors regulating macrophages—IRF4, STAT3 and IRF5	Transcription factors regulating dendritic cells—ID2, IRF8, ZBTB46, B-ATF-3
Surface markers of inflammatory M1 macrophages—Ly6G, Ly6C, CD62L	Surface markers of dendritic cells— CCR7, CD103, CX3CR1, CD135, CD1c, CD209
Surface markers of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages—IL4R/IL10R, CD206, CD163, CD68, CSF-1R, CD14, CD16, CD54, CD32
Shared antigens between macrophages and dendritic cells—CD80 (B7.1), SIRP α, F4/80 (EMR1), MHC II, CD11b, CD86