Table A1.

Comparative analysis of HOA induction after refractive procedures. This table presents a comprehensive comparison of the induction of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) based on our study findings and other published reports. The included studies utilized diverse imaging modalities to evaluate the impact of different refractive procedures on ocular aberrations. Variations in the imaging modalities, number of eyes examined, procedures performed, and follow-up duration are recorded across the studies. Results that were not statistically significant are denoted as “NS”, while “NR” indicates data that were not reported in the original publication. PRK = photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK = laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, SMILE = small incision lenticule extraction, HOAs = higher-order aberrations.

Study	Imaging Modality	Eyes (Approx. Eyes/Patient)	Procedures	Comments	Total HOAs (μm)	Spherical Aberration (μm)	Vertical Coma (μm)	Horizontal Coma (μm)	Oblique Trefoil	Horizontal Trefoil
Our Study	Pentacam	154 (2)	LASIK	1 year	0.2070 ± 0.1974	0.1160 ± 0.1665	−0.0348 ± 0.2722	NS	NS	NS
		173 (2)	PRK		0.1680 ± 1.3092	0.1460 ± 0.1666	NS	NS	−0.0318 ± 0.1802	NS
		44 (2)	SMILE		0.2880 ± 0.1607	0.1220 ± 0.6523	−0.2240 ± 0.2403	NS	NS	NS
Wu, et al., 2021 [15]	Pentacam	88 (2)	LASIK	6 months	0.31 ± 0.25	0.17 ± 0.11	0.24 ± 0.18	0.14 ± 0.16	NR	NR
		64 (2)	PRK		0.31 ± 0.18	0.2 ± 0.15	0.11 ± 0.15	0.12 ± 0.18
Kang E., et al., 2022 [22]	Pentacam	45	LASIK	6 months	NS	NS	NS		NS
		45	SMILE		0.151 ± 0.178	0.074 ± 0.162	0.181 ± 0.233		NS
Miraftab M., et al., 2021 [16]	Sirius	124 (1)	LASIK	Stratified by moderate or high myopic patients; moderate results have been included here; 12-month data; 6 mm pupil	0.38 ± 0.36	0.24 ± 0.1	0.25 ± 0.23		NS
		124 (1)	PRK		0.33 ± 0.25	0.26 ± 0.13	0.24 ± 0.24		NS
		124 (1)	SMILE		0.16 ± 0.32	0.11 ± 0.09	0.16 ± 0.23		NS