Table 3.

Synopsis 2: Differences between PAD patients without neuropathy and DFS patients. Inspection and physical examination of the feet.

	PAD without Neuropathy	PAD with Neuropathy (Mostly DFS)
soft tissue edema	rare (heart failure)	common
toenails	-	frequently mycotic
skin of the foot	atrophic, thin, cold, paling when elevated	dry, warm, rosy, filling of veins even when elevated
skin of the foot sole	atrophy without hyperkeratosis	hyperkeratosis, calluses, fissures, pressure ulcers
pedal muscles	-	commonly atrophic
plantar fat pad	-	atrophic
foot position	normal	ball foot, pointed foot (shortening of calf muscles)
toes	no hair, livid acral lesions	claws/hammer toes, corns
localization of foot lesions	indicates areas without sufficient residual blood flow	reveals pathobiomechanics
neurological deficits	rare (ischemic neuropathy)	common (pain, temperature, vibration, painful painless foot etc.)
infrared thermography	low skin temperature	high skin temperature may favor overestimation of arterial perfusion