Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort.
| Total | Men | Women | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | ||||
| Total | 271 (100.0) | 139 (51.3) | 132 (48.7) | 0.889 |
| Age 60–69 70–79 80–89 ≥90 |
6/271 (2.2) 63/271 (23.2) 186/271 (68.6) 16/271 (5.9) |
5/139 (3.6) 32/139 (23.0) 93/139 (66.9) 9/139 (6.5) |
1/132 (0.8) 31/132 (23.5) 93/132 (70.5) 7/132 (5.3) |
0.112 0.928 0.529 0.682 |
| BMI <18.5 18.5–24.9 25.0–29.9 30.0–34.9 35.0–39.9 ≥40.0 |
3/260 (1.2) 119/260 (45.8) 86/260 (33.1) 38/260 (14.6) 13/260 (5.0) 1/260 (0.4) |
2/136 (1.5) 60/136 (44.1) 55/136 (40.4) 14/136 (10.3) 5/136 (3.7) 0/136 (0.0) |
1/124 (0.8) 59/124 (44.7) 31/124 (23.5) 24/124 (18.2) 8/124 (6.1) 1/124 (0.8) |
0.616 0.576 0.008 0.039 0.305 0.294 |
| NYHA ≥ III | 142/271 (52.3) | 64/139 (46.3) | 76/132 (57.6) | 0.137 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 64/271 (23.6) | 31/139 (22.3) | 33/132 (25.0) | 0.601 |
| Arterial hypertension | 219/271 (80.8) | 108/139 (77.7) | 111/132 (84.1) | 0.182 |
| CVD | 190/271 (70.1) | 103/139 (74.1) | 87/132 (65.9) | 0.196 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 13/271 (4.8) | 4/139 (2.9) | 9/132 (6.8) | 0.126 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 91/271 (33.6) | 57/139 (41.0) | 34/132 (25.8) | 0.008 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 14/271 (5.2) | 9/139 (6.5) | 5/132 (3.8) | 0.318 |
| Pacemaker (before TAVR) | 15/271 (5.5) | 10/139 (7.2) | 5/132 (3.8) | 0.220 |
| Malignancy | 53/271 (19.6) | 33/139 (23.7) | 20/132 (15.2) | 0.075 |
| Stroke (before TAVR) | 18/271 (6.6) | 12/139 (8.6) | 6/132 (4.5) | 0.167 |
| PAOD | 15/271 (5.5) | 6/139 (4.3) | 9/132 (6.8) | 0.368 |
| COPD | 38/271 (14.0) | 23/139 (16.5) | 15/132 (11.4) | 0.219 |
| LVEF ≤30 31–54 ≥55 |
13/271 (4.8) 63/271 (23.2) 195/271 (72.0) |
8/139 (5.8) 36/139 (25.9) 95/139 (68.3) |
5/132 (3.8) 27/132 (20.5) 100/132 (75.7) |
0.294 0.265 0.124 |
| sPAP ≥40 ≥45 ≥50 ≥60 |
120/271 (44.3) 92/271 (34.0) 60/271 (22.1) 26/271 (9.6) |
64/139 (46.0) 48/139 (34.5) 31/139 (22.3) 16/139 (11.5) |
56/132 (42.4) 44/132 (33.3) 29/132 (22.0) 10/132 (7.6) |
0.549 0.835 0.947 0.272 |
| AVR ≥ II° | 43/271 (15.9) | 18/139 (12.9) | 25/132 (18.9) | 0.251 |
| MVR ≥ II° | 64/271 (23.6) | 29/139 (20.9) | 35/132 (26.5) | 0.271 |
| TVR ≥ II° | 44/271 (16.2) | 20/139 (14.4) | 24/132 (18.2) | 0.408 |
| Pacemaker (after TAVR) | 62/271 (22.9) | 42/139 (30.2) | 20/132 (15.2) | 0.003 |
| Vascular complications | 20/271 (7.4) | 11/139 (7.9) | 9/132 (6.8) | 0.730 |
| Stroke (after TAVR) | 9/271 (3.3) | 4/139 (2.9) | 5/132 (3.8) | 0.676 |
| PA ≥ 29.5 mm | 127/271 (46.9) | 68/139 (48.9) | 59/132 (44.7) | 0.486 |
| PA/BSA ≥ 15.7 mm/m2 | 144/260 (55.4) | 58/136 (42.6) | 86/124 (69.4) | < 0.001 |
| Mean ± SD | ||||
| Age (years) | 82.6 ± 4.8 | 82.7 ± 5.3 | 82.6 ± 4.4 | 0.834 |
| Height (cm) | 166.9 ± 8.9 | 172.8 ± 6.6 | 160.4 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.6 ± 14.7 | 77.7 ± 12.9 | 69.3 ± 15.2 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 ± 5.1 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 26.9 ± 6.0 | 0.170 |
| LVEF (%) | 55.3 ± 10.1 | 54.1 ± 11.0 | 56.5 ± 8.9 | 0.061 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 44.1 ± 17.4 | 45.3 ± 18.7 | 42.6 ± 15.9 | 0.351 |
| IVSd (mm) | 14.7 ± 2.9 | 15.0 ± 3.2 | 14.3 ± 2.4 | 0.090 |
| AV Vmax (m/s) | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 0.226 |
| AV dpmax (mmHg) | 78.3 ± 19.2 | 79.3 ± 18.2 | 77.3 ± 20.1 | 0.411 |
| AV dpmean (mmHg) | 47.9 ± 19.2 | 48.0 ± 11.5 | 47.7 ± 12.6 | 0.796 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 22.4 ± 4.4 | 22.6 ± 4.6 | 22.1 ± 4.2 | 0.554 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 35.9 ± 18.2 | 36.9 ± 18.0 | 34.8 ± 18.5 | 0.338 |
| PA (mm) | 29.3 ± 5.1 | 29.4 ± 5.3 | 29.1 ± 4.9 | 0.552 |
| PA/BSA | 16.2 ± 3.0 | 15.4 ± 2.7 | 17.0 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
| Median ± IQR | ||||
| STS score | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.005 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 1195.0 ± 2258.6 | 1098.0 ± 2921.5 | 1228.0 ± 1941.6 | 0.148 |
| HK (%) | 39.0 ± 7.0 | 40.3 ± 7.4 | 38.7 ± 6.0 | 0.001 |
| HB (g/dL) | 13.1 ± 2.3 | 13.6 ± 2.6 | 12.9 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| CK (U/L) | 80.0 ± 84.5 | 80.0 ± 102.5 | 82.0 ± 64.8 | 0.130 |
BMI = body mass index; NYHA = New York Heart Association; CVD = coronary vascular disease; TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement; PAOD = peripheral artery occlusive disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; sPAP = systolic pulmonary artery pressure; AVR = aortic valve regurgitation; MVR = mitral valve regurgitation; TVR = tricuspid valve regurgitation; PA = pulmonary artery; BSA = body surface area; SD = standard deviation; LVEDD = left ventricular end diastolic diameter; IVSd = interventricular septum diameter; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; IQR = interquartile range; STS score = The Society of Thoracic Surgeons score; BNP = brain.