Table 3.
Associations of DDS with sarcopenia and its components in UK Biobank (n = 155,669).
| ORs (95% Cls) | Continuous (per SD Increment) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-Level DDS (1–6) |
Medium-Level DDS (7–12) |
High-Level DDS (13–18) |
||
| No. of participants | 25,255 | 123,362 | 52,311 | 155,669 |
| Sarcopenia | ||||
| Cases | 57 | 308 | 131 | 496 |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.05) | 0.62 (0.43, 0.90) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.95) |
| Model 2 a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.80 (0.56, 1.05) | 0.70 (0.47, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.97) |
| Model 3 a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) | 0.69 (0.48, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.80, 0.98) |
| Low muscle strength | ||||
| Cases | 840 | 3483 | 1448 | 5771 |
| Model 1 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.70 (0.65, 0.76) | 0.61 (0.55, 0.66) | 0.85 (0.83, 0.88) |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.76 (0.70, 0.82) | 0.69 (0.63, 0.76) | 0.88 (0.86, 0.91) |
| Model 3 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.83) | 0.70 (0.64, 0.77) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.92) |
| Low muscle mass | ||||
| Cases | 851 | 5368 | 2709 | 8928 |
| Model 1 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.80 (0.72, 0.79) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | 0.91 (0.89, 0.93) |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.93) | 0.81 (0.72, 0.88) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.95) |
| Model 3 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.76, 0.94) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) |
| Low physical performance | ||||
| Cases | 1337 | 4399 | 1503 | 7239 |
| Model 1 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.57 (0.54, 0.61) | 0.42 (0.38, 0.45) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) |
| Model 2 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.67 (0.63, 0.72) | 0.55 (0.51, 0.60) | 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) |
| Model 3 b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.74 (0.69, 0.79) | 0.63 (0.58, 0.68) | 0.85 (0.83, 0.87) |
a ORs (95% CIs) of DDS with sarcopenia were examined using logistic regression models; Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 additionally included race, household income, residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary supplement, and total calorie intake from diet; Model 3 additionally included BMI, diabetes, CVD, cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. b ORs (95% CIs) of DDS with sarcopenia’s components were examined using logistic regression models; Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 additionally included race, household income, residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary supplement, total calorie intake from diet, and three components (low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and low physical performance) were mutually adjusted; Model 3 additionally included BMI, diabetes, CVD, cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CIs: confidence intervals; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DDS, dietary diversity score; ORs: odds ratios; Ref, reference; SD, standard deviation.