Table 4.
Combined associations of E-DII and DDS with sarcopenia and its components in the UK Biobank (n = 155,669).
| ORs (95% CIs) c | p-Interaction d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 3 of E-DII b | Tertile 2 of E-DII b | Tertile 1 of E-DII b | ||
| Sarcopenia | <0.001 | |||
| Low-level DDS a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | |
| Medium-level DDS a | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | 0.76 (0.72, 0.80) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.79) | |
| High-level DDS a | 0.79 (0.65, 0.85) | 0.71 (0.67, 0.75) | 0.69 (0.65, 0.74) | |
| Low muscle strength | 0.265 | |||
| Low-level DDS a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.83 (0.69, 1.00) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | |
| Medium-level DDS a | 0.77 (0.70, 0.86) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.79) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.80) | |
| High-level DDS a | 0.74 (0.64, 0.86) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.80) | 0.62 (0.55, 0.70) | |
| Low muscle mass | 0.884 | |||
| Low-level DDS a | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.28) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.18) | |
| Medium-level DDS a | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 0.88 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.86) | |
| High-level DDS a | 0.87 (0.66, 1.00) | 0.85 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.85) | |
| Low physical performance | 0.003 | |||
| Low-level DDS a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.06) | |
| Medium-level DDS a | 0.80 (0.74, 0.88) | 0.65 (0.59, 0.72) | 0.65 (0.59, 0.71) | |
| High-level DDS a | 0.68 (0.58, 0.78) | 0.61 (0.54, 0.68) | 0.54 (0.48, 0.61) | |
a DDS levels [low (1–6), medium (7–12), and high (13–18)] were defined according to practical implications for public health. b Tertile 1 of E-DII ranged from −5.44 to −0.49; tertile 2 of E-DII ranged from −0.50 to 1.12 and from 1.13 to 4.65 in UK Biobank. c Combined associations of E-DII and DDS with sarcopenia were assessed based on covariates in Model 3: age, sex, race, household income, residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary supplement, BMI, diabetes, CVD, cancer, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; three components (low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and low physical performance) were additionally mutually adjusted in Model 3 while assessing the combined associations of E-DII and DDS with sarcopenia’ components. d We tested the multiplicative interaction effects by comparing the −2 log-likelihood that included and excluded the cross-product interaction terms of E-DII and DDS in Model 3. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CIs: confidence intervals; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DDS, dietary diversity score; E-DII, dietary inflammatory index; ORs: odds ratio; Ref, references.