| OER | Oxygen evolution reaction |
| HER | Hydrogen evolution reaction |
| ·OH | Hydroxyl radical |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| EPR | Electron paramagnetic resonance |
| ·Cl | Chlorine radicals |
| SOR | Sulfion oxidation reaction |
| FE | Faradaic efficiency |
| ClOR | Chlorine electrooxidation reaction |
| OWS | Overall water-splitting |
| BHMF | 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan |
| NF | Nickel foam |
| PEC | Photoelectrochemical |
| 2D | Two-dimensional |
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