Table 4.

Risk of bias of selected studies.

Study	Random Sequence Generation (Selection Bias)	Allocation Concealment (Selection Bias)	Blinding of Participants and Personnel (Performance Bias)	Blinding of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias)	Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias)	Selective Reporting (Reporting Bias)	Other Bias	Overall Risk Rating	Sample Size Was Justified
Beck et al., 2018 [38]									N
Brandeberger et al., 2018 [39]									N
Cheikh et al., 2018 [40]									N
Cheikh et al., 2020 [41]									N
Czucejko et al., 2019 [42]									N
Farjallah et al., 2018 [43]									N
Farjallah et al., 2022 [44]									Y
Farjallah et al., 2023 [45]									N
Farjallah et al., 2022 [46]									N
Farjallah et al., 2020 [47]									N
Ghatassi et al., 2016 [48]									N
Ghatassi et al., 2024 [49]									N
Ghatassi et al., 2014 [50]									N
Khaleghi-Mamaghani et al., 2021 [51]									N
Leonardo-Mendonça et al., 2017 [52]									N
Maldonado et al., 2012 [53]									N
Mero et al., 2006, Finland [54]									N
Ochoa et al., 2011 [55]									N
Ortiz-Franco et al., 2017 [56]									N
Paryab et al., 2021 [57]									N
Souissi et al., 2018 [58]									N

Risk of bias as assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) [36] and the RoB 2.0 for crossover trials [37]. Green = low risk of bias; Yellow = unclear risk of bias; Red = high risk of bias; N = No; Y = Yes.