TABLE 1.

Inactivation of HIV-1 and SIV by AT-2, heat, or formalin treatment

Virus stock	Concn	Amt of p24/p28GAG (pg/ml)	Target cellsa	Infectious titer (TCID50)b after inactivation by:
				No inactivation	AT-2			Formalin	Heat
					1,000 μM	250 μM	100 μM
HIV-13B	1X	1.7 × 105	AA2	2.1 × 104	0	—c	15	0	0
HIV-13B	1X	1.7 × 105	H9	6.6 × 103	0	—
HIV-1MN	1X	8.9 × 105	H9	4.3 × 103	0	—	0	0	0
HIV-1MN	1X	8.9 × 105	H9	4.3 × 103	0	—	63	0	0
HIV-1MN	1X	8.9 × 105	AA2	5.1 × 104	0	—	0	—	—
HIV-1MN	1X	8.9 × 105	AA2	2.1 × 105	0	—	0	—	—
HIV-191US054	1X	3.3 × 104	PHAB	5.6 × 103	—	0	271	—	—
HIV-192US657	1X	2.2 × 104	PHAB	4.2 × 103	—	0	0	—	—
SIVMNE, P3612	1X	—	—	3.2 × 105	—	—	—	—	—
SIVMNE, P3612	1,000X	9.9 × 107	AA2	3.2 × 108	—	—	—	—	—
SIVMNE, P3611	1,000X	3.1 × 107	AA2	—	0	—	—	—	—

^aTiters were obtained with H9 cells, AA2 cells, or PHA blasts (PHAB), as indicated and described in Materials and Methods. 

^bTCID₅₀ indicates the calculated reciprocal dilution of viral stock for detectable p24^CA production (>100 pg/ml) in 50% of 16 replicate cultures after 10 days. Representative results are shown for various HIV-1 stocks, including long-term laboratory-maintained isolates HIV_3B and HIV_MN propagated in H9 cells, and primary isolates 91US054 (302054) and 92US657 (301657), propagated in PBMC, as well as SIV_MNE, from SIV_MNE/HuT-78 clone E11S cells. With these virus stocks, treatment with concentrations of AT-2 in excess of 100 μM gave complete inactivation. In more than 10 independent experiments, treatment with 1,000 μM AT-2 eliminated all detectable infectivity. Also shown are titers for two consecutive large-scale preparations (30 liters) of SIV_MNE, clone E11S, produced for biochemical studies (7a). SIV was treated with AT-2 prior to concentration. 

^c—, not tested.